Gender differences in depression in 23 European countries. Cross-national variation in the gender gap in depression
Gender differences in depression in 23 European countries. Cross-national variation in the gender gap in depression
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.03.035
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Levecque, Katia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Van de Velde, Sarah;Bracke, Piet;Levecque, Katia
心理健康的社会流行病学中最一致的发现之一是抑郁症的性别差距。抑郁症在妇女中的发病率大约是男子的两倍。然而，缺乏可比数据阻碍了一般人群抑郁症患病率的跨国比较。利用第三波欧洲社会调查（ESS-3）中有关抑郁症状频率和严重程度的信息，我们能够填补由于缺乏可比数据而留下的差距。在ESS-3中，抑郁症是用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表的八项版本来测量的。在目前的研究中，我们研究了23个欧洲国家18-75岁男性和女性的抑郁症。我们的研究结果表明，在所有国家，女性报告的抑郁水平高于男性，但这种性别差距存在显著的跨国差异。抑郁症的性别差异在一些东欧和南欧国家最大，在爱尔兰、斯洛伐克和一些北欧国家最小。分层线性模型表明，社会经济以及家庭相关因素缓和性别和抑郁症之间的关系。抑郁症的风险较低与婚姻和与伴侣同居以及具有良好的社会经济地位有关。在大多数国家，社会经济因素与男性和女性的抑郁症有最强的关联。这项研究贡献了新的发现，扩大了现有的小规模文献，这些文献提供了关于欧洲女性和男性抑郁症患病率的高度可比数据。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
One of the most consistent findings in the social epidemiology of mental health is the gender gap in depression. Depression is approximately twice as prevalent among women as it is among men. However, the absence of comparable data hampers cross-national comparisons of the prevalence of depression in general populations. Using information about the frequency and severity of depressive symptoms from the third wave of the European Social Survey (ESS-3), we are able to fill the gap the absence of comparable data leaves. In the ESS-3, depression is measured with an eight-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. In the current study, we examine depression among men and women aged 18-75 in 23 European countries. Our results indicate that women report higher levels of depression than men do in all countries, but there is significant cross-national variation in this gender gap. Gender differences in depression are largest in some of the Eastern and Southern European countries and smallest in Ireland, Slovakia and some Nordic countries. Hierarchical linear models show that socioeconomic as well as family-related factors moderate the relationship between gender and depression. Lower risk of depression is associated in both genders with marriage and cohabiting with a partner as well as with having a generally good socioeconomic position. In a majority of countries, socioeconomic factors have the strongest association with depression in both men and women. This research contributes new findings, expanding the small existing body of literature that presents highly comparable data on the prevalence of depression in women and men in Europe. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.