Paid Family Leave Effects on Breastfeeding: A Quasi-Experimental Study of US Policies
Paid Family Leave Effects on Breastfeeding: A Quasi-Experimental Study of US Policies
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2018.304693
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
White, Justin S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hamad, Rita;Modrek, Sepideh;White, Justin S.
目标.为了测试是否带薪家庭假政策在加州和新泽西改善母乳喂养的做法，整体和关键子组。我们进行了差异中的差异分析，比较了加州和新泽西的政策变化与没有实施带薪家庭假政策的州的变化。我们研究了2001年至2013年期间出生的儿童（n = 306266）的大样本，这些样本来自2003年至2015年的全国免疫调查波。结果包括曾经母乳喂养，纯母乳喂养在3个月和6个月，仍然母乳喂养在6个月和12个月，以及持续时间的任何母乳喂养和纯母乳喂养。我们研究了异质性的政策反应的母亲的特点。带薪家事假政策导致6个月纯母乳喂养的可能性略有增加。亚组分析是混合的，虽然一些母乳喂养的结果是一致的改善已婚，白色，高收入，和老年母亲。在整个样本中，在实施带薪家事假政策后，纯母乳喂养有所改善，并注意到更多的母乳喂养母亲获得了额外的福利。这为正在进行的政策讨论提供了重要证据，表明今后的带薪家事假政策应针对更弱势的母亲。
Objectives. To test whether paid family leave policies in California and New Jersey improved breastfeeding practices, overall and among key subgroups.Methods. We conducted difference-in-differences analyses, comparing pre-post policy changes in California and New Jersey with changes in states where no paid family leave policies were implemented. We examined a large, diverse sample of children born during 2001 to 2013 (n = 306 266), drawn from the 2003 to 2015 National Immunization Survey waves. Outcomes included ever breastfed, breastfed exclusively at 3 and 6 months, and still breastfed at 6 and 12 months, as well as duration of any breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding. We examined heterogeneity in policy response by maternal characteristics.Results. Paid family leave policies resulted in a modestly greater likelihood of exclusively breastfeeding at 6 months. Subgroup analyses were mixed, although several breastfeeding outcomes were consistently improved among married, White, higher-income, and older mothers.Conclusions. Exclusive breastfeeding improved after implementation of paid family leave policies in the overall sample, and additional benefits were noted for more advantaged mothers. This contributes critical evidence to an ongoing policy discussion, suggesting that subsequent paid family leave policies should be designed to target more vulnerable mothers.