A Geography of Logistics: Market Authority and the Security of Supply Chains
A Geography of Logistics: Market Authority and the Security of Supply Chains
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物流地理学：市场权威和供应链安全
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
Deborah E. Cowen
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作者：
Deborah E. Cowen
近年来，美国军方和民间机构一直在全球化生产和贸易的背景下重新思考安全问题。国家安全不再处于领土边界和全球流动之间的冲突之中，它日益成为确保超国家体系安全的项目。海上边界一直是实验的关键场所，大量的新政策正在模糊“内部”和“外部”国家空间，重新配置边境安全，重新组织公民和劳工权利。这些计划寻求管理一体化的经济空间，同时恢复边界并批准新的遏制形式。扰乱商品流动的力量被视为安全威胁，劳工行动是政策的主要目标。为保障物流空间而创造的市场规则与新自由主义的更广泛计划之间产生了直接联系。尽管新自由主义被认为是扩大了资本主义市场和市场逻辑，但正是物流把冷酷的成本计算置于空间生产的中心。自第二次世界大战以来，物流专家通过将成本效益分析空间化和将系统分析应用于分销网络，对经济进行了新的概念化。“物流革命”改变了空间的概念和表现方式，也改变了供应链的实际管理。在历史上，物流是战争和海外殖民主义的军事技术，而今天，物流主导而不是支持跨国空间的公司战略和国家安全。这些转变不仅对边界和安全的地缘政治有影响，而且对以国家空间的领土和本体论为前提的社会和政治形式也有影响。
In recent years, U.S. military and civilian agencies have been rethinking security in the context of globalized production and trade. No longer lodged in a conflict between territorial borders and global flows, national security is increasingly a project of securing supranational systems. The maritime border has been a critical site for experimentation, and a spate of new policy is blurring “inside” and “outside” national space, reconfiguring border security, and reorganizing citizenship and labor rights. These programs seek to govern integrated economic space while they resurrect borders and sanction new forms of containment. Forces that disrupt commodity flows are cast as security threats with labor actions a key target of policy. Direct connections result between market rule created to secure logistic space and the broader project of neoliberalism. Even as neoliberalism is credited with expanding capitalist markets and market logics, it is logistics that have put the cold calculation of cost at the center of the production of space. Since World War II, logistics experts have conceptualized economy anew by spatializing cost–benefit analysis and applying systems analysis to distribution networks. The “revolution in logistics” has changed how space is conceived and represented, and transformed the practical management of supply chains. Historically a military technology of war and colonialism abroad, today logistics lead rather than support the strategies of firms and the security of nations across transnational space. These shifts have implications for the geopolitics of borders and security but also for social and political forms premised on the territory and ontology of national space.