On the errors involved in ice-thickness estimates I: ground-penetrating radar measurement errors
On the errors involved in ice-thickness estimates I: ground-penetrating radar measurement errors
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DOI：
10.1017/jog.2016.93
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Navarro, F. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lapazaran, J. J.;Otero, J.;Navarro, F. J.
这是三篇配套论文中的第一篇（论文 I），分别关注从脉冲探地雷达 (GPR) 数据检索的冰厚误差的估计、如何估计冰厚 DEM 网格点的误差，以及后者的误差加上边界描绘误差如何影响冰体积估计。我们在这里对脉冲探地雷达数据计算冰厚所涉及的各种误差进行了全面分析，假设它们已经正确迁移。我们将冰厚误差分成可以单独估计的独立分量。除其他外，我们还考虑无线电波速度和计时误差的影响。一个新颖的方面是基于局部厚度梯度来估计由于探地雷达测量水平定位的不确定性而导致的厚度误差。另一个新颖的贡献是对探地雷达测量的水平定位误差的估计，该误差是由于探地雷达系统在剖析时的速度以及 GPS 刷新和探地雷达触发的周期造成的。它们的影响对于空中轮廓分析尤其重要。我们通过斯瓦尔巴特群岛 Werenskioldbreen 的案例研究来说明我们的方法。
This is the first (Paper I) of three companion papers focused respectively, on the estimates of the errors in ice thickness retrieved from pulsed ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data, on how to estimate the errors at the grid points of an ice-thickness DEM, and on how the latter errors, plus the boundary delineation errors, affect the ice-volume estimates. We here present a comprehensive analysis of the various errors involved in the computation of ice thickness from pulsed GPR data, assuming they have been properly migrated. We split the ice-thickness error into independent components that can be estimated separately. We consider, among others, the effects of the errors in radio-wave velocity and timing. A novel aspect is the estimate of the error in thickness due to the uncertainty in horizontal positioning of the GPR measurements, based on the local thickness gradient. Another novel contribution is the estimate of the horizontal positioning error of the GPR measurements due to the velocity of the GPR system while profiling, and the periods of GPS refreshing and GPR triggering. Their effects are particularly important for airborne profiling. We illustrate our methodology through a case study of Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard.