Individual and developmental differences in semantic priming: empirical and computational support for a single-mechanism account of lexical processing.
Individual and developmental differences in semantic priming: empirical and computational support for a single-mechanism account of lexical processing.
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DOI：
10.1037/0033-295x.107.4.786
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发表时间：
2000-10
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
D. Plaut;J. Booth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Plaut;J. Booth
现有的关于单词语义启动现象的描述包括多种机制，如扩散激活、基于预期的过程和词汇后语义匹配。作者为单机制分布式网络帐户提供了经验和计算支持。先前的研究已经发现，低频率目标词比高频目标词具有更大的语义启动效应，而且只有在长刺激启动的不同步(SOA)时，不相关启动后的抑制才会出现。一系列实验检验了年龄或知觉能力的个体差异对这些影响的调节。三年级、六年级和大学生在高频和低频目标词上完成词汇判断任务，这些词位于相关、不相关和非相关词的启动词之前。只有具有高感知能力的参与者才会对低频率目标表现出更大的启动能力。此外，与大学生不同的是，即使在长时间的SOA下，孩子们也没有表现出抑制。作者根据分布式网络模型的性质对这些结果进行了描述，并用一个显式的计算模拟来支持这一描述。
Existing accounts of single-word semantic priming phenomena incorporate multiple mechanisms, such as spreading activation, expectancy-based processes, and postlexical semantic matching. The authors provide empirical and computational support for a single-mechanism distributed network account. Previous studies have found greater semantic priming for low- than for high-frequency target words as well as inhibition following unrelated primes only at long stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs). A series of experiments examined the modulation of these effects by individual differences in age or perceptual ability. Third-grade, 6th-grade, and college students performed a lexical-decision task on high- and low-frequency target words preceded by related, unrelated, and nonword primes. Greater priming for low-frequency targets was exhibited only by participants with high perceptual ability. Moreover, unlike the college students, the children showed no inhibition even at the long SOA. The authors provide an account of these results in terms of the properties of distributed network models and support this account with an explicit computational simulation.