Rupestrian world heritage sites: instability investigation and sustainable mitigation
Rupestrian world heritage sites: instability investigation and sustainable mitigation
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-59469-9_2
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发表时间：
2017-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Margottini;P. Bobrowsky;G. Gigli;H. Rüther;D. Spizzichino;J. Vlčko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Margottini;P. Bobrowsky;G. Gigli;H. Rüther;D. Spizzichino;J. Vlčko
鲁佩斯特人的定居点是人类历史上最早的人造工程之一。这些人类历史上最相关的杰作已被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。这些遗址及其相关遗迹并不总是与环境保持平衡。它们不断受到各种内部和外部因素的影响和风化，既有自然的，也有人为的，发病速度快，也有（或）发病速度慢。这包括重大的突发自然灾害，如地震或极端气象事件，但也包括缓慢的累积过程，如岩石侵蚀，加上气候变化的影响，以及人类的作用，特别是在冲突局势中。许多岩石遗址已被雕刻成软岩，通常具有UCS < 25 MPa（ISRM in Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abs 18：85-110，1981），在垂直悬崖中，并且在岩石边坡稳定性和岩石风化领域中显示出主要的保护问题。本文报告了在主要来自联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录（阿富汗的巴米扬;埃塞俄比亚的拉利贝拉;约旦的佩特拉，格鲁吉亚的瓦尔齐亚等）的岩石遗址中减少岩石坠落的经验。在活动中采用的一般方法包括非常详细的跨学科研究，目的是了解退化过程和成因，随后进行适当的实地保护工作。后者主要涉及传统知识和可持续做法的重新发现和潜在应用，并主要以当地保护技术为基础。
Rupestrian settlements were among the first man-made works in the history of humanity. The most relevant masterpieces of such human history have been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. These sites and their associated remains are not always in equilibrium with the environment. They are continuously impacted and weathered by a variety of internal and external factors, both natural and human-induced, with rapid and/or slow onset. These include major sudden natural hazards, such as earthquakes or extreme meteorological events, but also slow cumulative processes such as the erosion of rocks, compounded by the effects of climate change, as well as the role of humans, especially in conflict situations. Many rupestrian sites have been carved into soft rock, generally with UCS < 25 MPa (ISRM in Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abs 18:85–110, 1981), in vertical cliffs, and show major conservation issues in the domain of rock slope stability and rock weathering. This paper reports the experience of rock fall mitigation in rupestrian sites, mainly from the UNESCO World Heritage List (Bamiyan in Afghanistan; Lalibela in Ethiopia; Petra in Jordan, Vardzia in Georgia and others). The general approach, implemented in the activities, includes a very detailed interdisciplinary study, with the objective to understand degradation processes and causative factors, followed, as a subsequent step, by proper field conservation work. The latter is mainly related to re-discovering and potential application of traditional knowledge and sustainable practices, and is primarily based on local conservation techniques.