Coral Reef Monitoring by Scuba Divers Using Underwater Photogrammetry and Geodetic Surveying
Coral Reef Monitoring by Scuba Divers Using Underwater Photogrammetry and Geodetic Surveying
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DOI：
10.3390/rs12183036
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发表时间：
2020-09
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通讯作者：
E. Nocerino;F. Menna;A. Gruen;M. Troyer;A. Capra;C. Castagnetti;P. Rossi;A. Brooks;R. Schmitt;S. Holbrook
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作者：
E. Nocerino;F. Menna;A. Gruen;M. Troyer;A. Capra;C. Castagnetti;P. Rossi;A. Brooks;R. Schmitt;S. Holbrook
水下摄影测量越来越多地被海洋生态学家使用，因为它能够对海底群落进行准确、详细的空间非破坏性测量，而且价格低廉，使用方便。然而，独立的质量控制，严格的成像系统设置，最佳的几何设计和成像过程的严格建模是必不可少的，以实现高度的可测量的精度和分辨率。如果一个适当的摄影测量方法，使正式的描述的传播测量误差和建模不确定性不承担，有关结果的统计意义的声明是有限的。在本文中，我们解决这些关键问题的基础上，在莫雷阿岛数字生态系统化身（IDEA）项目，在那里我们已经开发了一个严格的水下摄影测量管道珊瑚礁监测和变化检测的经验。在这里，我们讨论了需要一个永久的，水下大地测量网络，它可以定义一个时间稳定的参考基准和检查的时间序列的摄影衍生的三维（3D）模型的珊瑚礁结构。我们提出了一种方法来评估几个水下摄像机系统的摄影测量和多时间监测的目的，并强调摄像机网络几何的重要性，以尽量减少摄影测量衍生的三维珊瑚礁模型的变形。最后，我们将整个摄影测量过程的测量和建模不确定性纳入一个简单而灵活的框架，用于检测模型时间序列之间的统计显著变化。
Underwater photogrammetry is increasingly being used by marine ecologists because of its ability to produce accurate, spatially detailed, non-destructive measurements of benthic communities, coupled with affordability and ease of use. However, independent quality control, rigorous imaging system set-up, optimal geometry design and a strict modeling of the imaging process are essential to achieving a high degree of measurable accuracy and resolution. If a proper photogrammetric approach that enables the formal description of the propagation of measurement error and modeling uncertainties is not undertaken, statements regarding the statistical significance of the results are limited. In this paper, we tackle these critical topics, based on the experience gained in the Moorea Island Digital Ecosystem Avatar (IDEA) project, where we have developed a rigorous underwater photogrammetric pipeline for coral reef monitoring and change detection. Here, we discuss the need for a permanent, underwater geodetic network, which serves to define a temporally stable reference datum and a check for the time series of photogrammetrically derived three-dimensional (3D) models of the reef structure. We present a methodology to evaluate the suitability of several underwater camera systems for photogrammetric and multi-temporal monitoring purposes and stress the importance of camera network geometry to minimize the deformations of photogrammetrically derived 3D reef models. Finally, we incorporate the measurement and modeling uncertainties of the full photogrammetric process into a simple and flexible framework for detecting statistically significant changes among a time series of models.