Barriers to the implementation of green chemistry in the United States.
Barriers to the implementation of green chemistry in the United States.
复制标题
美国实施绿色化学的障碍。
DOI：
10.1021/es3021777
复制
发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
J. Zimmerman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Matus;W. Clark;P. Anastas;J. Zimmerman
本文研究了企业能够开发和实施具有可持续发展效益的创新的条件。我们特别考察了美国的“绿色化学”创新。通过对来自工业界、学术界、非政府机构（ngo）和政府的绿色化学领导者的采访，我们确定了创新者通常面临的六大类挑战：(1)经济和金融，(2)监管，(3)技术，(4)组织，(5)文化，(6)定义和度量。对这些障碍的进一步分析表明，在美国，实施绿色化学创新所特有的两个因素是缺乏供研究人员和决策者使用的明确定义和指标，以及这些创新对研究人员和管理人员的跨学科要求。最后，我们总结了迄今为止在克服这些障碍方面取得成功的一些战略，以及可能对未来产生积极影响的政策类型。
This paper investigates the conditions under which firms are able to develop and implement innovations with sustainable development benefits. In particular, we examine "green chemistry" innovations in the United States. Via interviews with green chemistry leaders from industry, academia, nongovernmental institutions (NGOs), and government, we identified six major categories of challenges commonly confronted by innovators: (1) economic and financial, (2) regulatory, (3) technical, (4) organizational, (5) cultural, and (6) definition and metrics. Further analysis of these barriers shows that in the United States, two elements of these that are particular to the implementation of green chemistry innovations are the absence of clear definitions and metrics for use by researchers and decision makers, as well as the interdisciplinary demands of these innovations on researchers and management. Finally, we conclude with some of the strategies that have been successful thus far in overcoming these barriers, and the types of policies which could have positive impacts moving forward.