Fermentable non-starch polysaccharides increases the abundance of Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas in ileal microbial community of growing pigs
Fermentable non-starch polysaccharides increases the abundance of Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas in ileal microbial community of growing pigs
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DOI：
10.1017/s1751731114001827
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Lindberg, J. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ivarsson, E.;Roos, S.;Lindberg, J. E.
养猪生产中使用的大多数植物源纤维含有可溶性和不溶性非淀粉多糖 (NSP) 的混合物。关于这些 NSP 来源对肠道微生物群及其发酵产物的影响的知识仍然很少。本研究的目的是调查饲喂含有天然 NSP 的日粮对回肠和粪便微生物组成的影响，以及日粮对短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 和乳酸浓度的影响。该实验采用七只瓣膜后 T 盲肠插管生长猪，包括四种日粮和四个时期的转换设计。四种日粮经过平衡，NSP 含量相似，包括四种纤维来源之一，两种日粮通过添加菊苣饲料 (CFO) 和甜菜浆而富含果胶，两种日粮通过添加麦麸 (WB) 和草粉而富含阿拉伯木聚糖。通过末端限制性片段 (TRF) 长度多态性评估肠道微生物组成，并通过定量 PCR 评估乳杆菌属、肠杆菌科、类杆菌-普雷沃菌属-卟啉单胞菌和 β-木糖苷酶基因 xynB 的丰度。肠道微生物群并不是根据 NSP 结构（阿拉伯木聚糖或果胶）聚集的，而是在很大程度上具有成分特异性。在饲喂 CFO 饲料的猪中，与普氏菌科相关的三种 TRF 合计占粪便微生物群的 25% 以上，比饲喂其他饲料的猪高约 3 至 23 倍 (P < 0.05)。然而，与饲喂其他日粮的猪相比，饲喂 WB 饲料的猪粪便中埃氏巨球菌的丰度高出约 2 至 22 倍（P < 0.05），回肠食糜中罗伊氏乳杆菌的丰度高出约 6 倍（P < 0.05）。回肠食糜中消化的NSP（r = 0.57；P = 0.002）、木糖（r = 0.53；P = 0.004）和膳食纤维（r = 0.60；P = 0.001）的总量与拟杆菌-普雷沃氏菌-卟啉单胞菌丰度的增加呈正相关。对 SCFA 的影响与特定的中性糖相关，其中木糖增加回肠丁酸比例，而阿拉伯糖增加粪便丁酸比例。此外，菊苣果胶增加了回肠食糜和粪便中的乙酸比例。
Most plant-origin fiber sources used in pig production contains a mixture of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). The knowledge about effects of these sources of NSP on the gut microbiota and its fermentation products is still scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of feeding diets with native sources of NSP on the ileal and fecal microbial composition and the dietary impact on the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactic acid. The experiment comprised four diets and four periods in a change-over design with seven post valve t-cecum cannulated growing pigs. The four diets were balanced to be similar in NSP content and included one of four fiber sources, two diets were rich in pectins, through inclusion of chicory forage (CFO) and sugar beet pulp, and two were rich in arabinoxylan, through inclusion of wheat bran (WB) and grass meal. The gut microbial composition was assessed with terminal restriction fragment (TRF) length polymorphism and the abundance of Lactobacillus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas and the beta-xylosidase gene, xynB, were assessed with quantitative PCR. The gut microbiota did not cluster based on NSP structure (arabinoxylan or pectin) rather, the effect was to a high degree ingredient specific. In pigs fed diet CFO, three TRFs related to Prevotellaceae together consisted of more than 25% of the fecal microbiota, which is about 3 to 23 times higher (P < 0.05) than in pigs fed the other diets. Whereas pigs fed diet WB had about 2 to 22 times higher abundance (P < 0.05) of Megasphaera elsdenii in feces and about six times higher abundance (P < 0.05) of Lactobacillus reuteri in ileal digesta than pigs fed the other diets. The total amount of digested NSP (r = 0.57; P = 0.002), xylose (r = 0.53; P = 0.004) and dietary fiber (r = 0.60; P = 0.001) in ileal digesta were positively correlated with an increased abundance of Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas. The effect on SCFA was correlated to specific neutral sugars where xylose increased the ileal butyric acid proportion, whereas arabinose increased the fecal butyric acid proportion. Moreover, chicory pectin increased the acetic acid proportion in both ileal digesta and feces.