Ocular Component Development during Infancy and Early Childhood.
Ocular Component Development during Infancy and Early Childhood.
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DOI：
10.1097/opx.0000000000001296
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发表时间：
2018-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lin WK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mutti DO;Sinnott LT;Lynn Mitchell G;Jordan LA;Friedman NE;Frane SL;Lin WK
这项研究填补了一个重要的空白，提供了从3个月到近7岁的人眼主要结构和光学组件的纵向描述。规范性开发数据可提供正视化机制的见解和人工透镜屈光度计算的指导。描述从婴儿期到幼儿期屈光不正的发展模式和眼部组成。对162 ~ 293名出生体重正常的婴儿在0.25、0.75、1.5、3、4.5和6.5岁时纵向进行睫状肌麻痹视网膜检影（1%环喷托酯）、角膜屈光度检查和超声检查。屈光不正和大多数眼部组成部分显示了一个早期指数阶段的快速发展，在第一个1-2年的生活，其次是一个较慢的二次阶段。每次访视时，前房和玻璃体腔深度、眼轴长度和晶体透镜半径均增加。在所研究的年代里，水晶体透镜逐渐变薄。角膜的光焦度显示出早期降低，然后稳定，而晶状体透镜显示出更稳健的光焦度降低。晶体透镜折射率遵循多项式增长和衰减模型，在1-2岁时开始早期增加，随后减少。屈光不正在1-2岁时逐渐变轻，然后相对稳定。0.25 ~ 6.5岁之间眼轴长度增加3.35 ± 0.64 mm，在初始值范围内增长率一致，与初始眼轴长度相关（r = 0.44，P < 0.001）。早期眼的光学和结构的发展似乎是双相的，正视化发生在婴儿期的前2年内的快速指数阶段。当轴向伸长主要由晶体透镜屈光力的变化补偿时，在生长的较慢的二次阶段期间出现更稳定的折射误差。
The study fills an important gap by providing a longitudinal description of development of the major structural and optical components of the human eye from 3 months to nearly 7 years of age. Normative development data may provide insights into mechanisms for emmetropization and guidance on intraocular lens power calculation. Describe the pattern of development of refractive error and the ocular components from infancy through early childhood. Cycloplegic retinoscopy (cyclopentolate 1%), keratophakometry, and ultrasonography were performed longitudinally on between 162 and 293 normal birthweight infants at 0.25, 0.75, 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6.5 years of age. Refractive error and most ocular components displayed an early exponential phase of rapid development during the first 1–2 years of life followed by a slower quadratic phase. Anterior and vitreous chamber depths, axial length, and crystalline lens radii increased at every visit. The crystalline lens thinned throughout the ages studied. The power of the cornea showed an early decrease, then stabilized, while the crystalline lens showed more robust decreases in power. The crystalline lens refractive index followed a polynomial growth and decay model, with an early increase followed by a decrease starting at 1–2 years of age. Refractive error became less hyperopic, then was relatively stable after 1–2 years of age. Axial lengths increased by 3.35 ± 0.64 mm between ages 0.25 and 6.5 years, showed uniform rates of growth across the range of initial values, and were correlated with initial axial lengths (r = 0.44, P < 0.001). Early ocular optical and structural development appears to be biphasic, with emmetropization occurring within the first 2 years of infancy during a rapid exponential phase. A more stable refractive error follows during a slower quadratic phase of growth when axial elongation is compensated primarily by changes in crystalline lens power.