The thickness of coastal fast ice in the Sea of Okhotsk
The thickness of coastal fast ice in the Sea of Okhotsk
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DOI：
10.1016/j.coldregions.2004.11.003
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发表时间：
2005-06
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
K. Shirasawa;M. Leppäranta;T. Saloranta;T. Kawamura;A. Polomoshnov;G. Surkov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Shirasawa;M. Leppäranta;T. Saloranta;T. Kawamura;A. Polomoshnov;G. Surkov
根据现场数据和热力学模型，对鄂霍次克海沿岸固定冰的厚度进行了研究。研究地点是北海道的萨罗马湖泻湖和萨哈林岛的克莱耶海峡。冰盖有两层结构：顶部是颗粒状雪冰层，下面是柱状冰层。在佐吕间湖，冰厚达 40-50 厘米，雪冰比例为 10-100%。在克莱耶海峡，冰厚增至约 100 厘米，3 月中旬至 4 月中旬，由于雪冰形成，冰厚显着增加（平均 24 厘米）。用观测数据校准一维热力学冰雪模型，并用于检查厚度气候学；雪成分考虑了积雪压实、由于洪水、融化或雨水和冰雪生长而形成的雪泥。模型结果显示两个站点的一致性相当好。在萨罗马湖泻湖，校准是基于四个冬天。模型中的年最大冰厚度平均比观测值低 3 厘米，最坏情况为 16 厘米；模型积雪厚度与2月份实测积雪厚度相差10厘米以内；破冰日期平均晚了5天，最坏的情况晚了11天。模型模拟预测了雪泥层的形成及其在不同冬季持续 1-4 周的情况。气候模拟结果显示年平均最大冰厚为 32 厘米，其中 15 厘米为雪冰。在克莱耶海峡，校准是基于一个冰季。年最大冰厚偏低7厘米，模型雪厚与观测值相差10厘米以内。气候模拟结果显示，年平均最大冰厚为108厘米，其中凝冰70厘米，雪冰38厘米，冰季从11月5日持续到6月5日。因此，雪泥的形成及其冻结对于研究盆地至关重要。
The thickness of coastal landfast ice in the Sea of Okhotsk has been examined based on field data and thermodynamic modelling. The study sites were Saroma-ko Lagoon, Hokkaido and Kleye Strait, Sakhalin. The ice sheet has a two-layer structure: a granular snow–ice layer on top and a columnar ice layer below. In Saroma-ko Lagoon, the ice grows to 40–50 cm, with snow–ice portion of 10–100%. In Kleye Strait, the ice grows to about 100 cm, with a remarkable addition (on average 24 cm) during mid-March to mid-April due to snow–ice formation. A one-dimensional thermodynamic ice–snow model was calibrated with observed data and used to examine the thickness climatology; the snow component takes into account snow compaction, slush formation due to flooding, melting or rain and snow–ice growth. The model outcome showed reasonably good agreement for both sites. In Saroma-ko Lagoon, the calibration was based on four winters. The maximum annual ice thickness was in the model on average 3 cm below the observed one, 16 cm in the worst case; the model snow thickness was within 10 cm from the observed ones in February; and the date of ice breakup was on average biased late by 5 days and 11 days in the worst case. The model simulations predicted formation of slush layers and their persistency for 1–4 weeks in different winters. Climatological simulation resulted in mean maximum annual ice thickness of 32 cm, of which 15 cm was snow–ice. In Kleye Strait, the calibration was based on one ice season. The maximum annual ice thickness was 7 cm biased down, and the model snow thickness was within 10 cm from the observed level. Climatological simulation resulted in mean maximum annual ice thickness of 108 cm, of which 70 cm was congelation ice and 38 cm was snow–ice, and the ice season lasted from 5 November to 5 June. Thus, slush formation and its freezing are crucial in the study basin.