Leptospirosis in the tropics and in travelers.
Leptospirosis in the tropics and in travelers.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11908-006-0035-3
复制
发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Vinetz, Joseph M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ricaldi, Jessica N;Vinetz, Joseph M
钩端螺旋体病是由钩端螺旋体属螺旋体引起的，越来越多地被认为会影响热带地区的旅行者和居民。钩端螺旋体病是一种人畜共患病，通过被长期感染的哺乳动物的尿液污染的环境表面水传播给人类。感染的结果各不相同，从急性发热性疾病(包括自行消退的未分化发热)到无菌性脑膜炎，再到暴发性黄疸、少尿肾功能衰竭、肺出血和难治性休克。住院病例的死亡率高达25%。最近的一项临床试验表明，第三代头孢菌素在治疗急性疾病方面与多西环素和青霉素一样有效。多西环素对旅行者预防钩端螺旋体病有效。目前还没有保护性疫苗可用。
Leptospirosis, caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira, has increasingly been recognized to affect travelers and residents in tropical settings. A zoonotic disease, leptospirosis is transmitted to humans through environmental surface waters contaminated by the urine of chronically infected mammals. Outcome of infection varies, ranging from acute febrile illness (including self-resolving undifferentiated fever) to aseptic meningitis to a fulminant syndrome of jaundice, oliguric renal failure, pulmonary hemorrhage, and refractory shock. Hospitalized cases have mortality rates as high as 25%. A recent clinical trial showed that third-generation cephalosporin is as effective as doxycycline and penicillin in the treatment of acute disease. Doxycycline is effective in preventing leptospirosis in travelers. No protective vaccine is currently available.