Sublethal effects of insecticides on the intrinsic rate of increase of cotton aphid
Sublethal effects of insecticides on the intrinsic rate of increase of cotton aphid
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1570-7458.2000.00602.x
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发表时间：
2000-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
David L. Kerns;Scott Stewart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
David L. Kerns;Scott Stewart
杀虫剂通常通过刺激繁殖而引起棉蚜（Aphis gossypii (Glover)）（同翅目：蚜科）的爆发。在这项研究中，我们报告了联苯菊酯、乙酰甲胺磷、克百威或吡丙昔芬的剂量对棉蚜繁殖的亚致死影响。我们无法检测到接触联苯菊酯、乙酰甲胺磷或克百威的棉蚜的内在增长率有任何增加或减少。然而，我们确实发现用联苯菊酯处理的蚜虫的净繁殖率有所增加，这证明进一步研究这种杀虫剂对繁殖的影响是合理的。基于简单线性回归模型的趋势表明，联苯菊酯或克百威的亚致死剂量随着剂量的增加对蚜虫种群增长产生负面影响。这些数据表明，这些杀虫剂对繁殖的刺激可能不会在棉蚜爆发或死灰复燃中发挥主要作用。吡丙醚是一种保幼剂，目前用于控制棉花粉虱。在我们的生物测定中，它对在经过处理的棉花上饲养的棉蚜表现出显着的活性。吡丙醚在剂量超过 1 ppm 的情况下会导致大多数蚜虫不育，并使蚜虫寿命缩短约 50%。然而，它似乎并没有对生殖成熟蚜虫的生殖潜力或寿命产生很大影响。一项实地研究表明，吡丙醚会影响棉蚜种群结构，并可能具有控制棉蚜爆发的潜力。通过使用吡丙昔芬等保幼剂来改变蚜虫种群结构和生长可能被证明是一种有效的主动害虫控制方法，不会对有益生物体产生不利影响或导致害虫死灰复燃。
Insecticides are often implicated in causing outbreaks of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae), through stimulation of reproduction. In this study we report the sublethal effects of dosages of bifenthrin, acephate, carbofuran or pyriproxifen on cotton aphid reproduction. We could not detect any increase or decrease in the intrinsic rate of increase of cotton aphids exposed to bifenthrin, acephate or carbofuran. However, we did detect some increases in the net reproductive rate of aphids treated with bifenthrin justifying further investigation of the effect on reproduction by this insecticide. Trends based on simple linear regression models suggest that sublethal dosages of bifenthrin or carbofuran have a negative impact on aphid population growth as dosages increase. These data suggest that stimulation of reproduction by these insecticides probably does not play a major role in cotton aphid outbreaks or resurgence. Pyriproxyfen is a juvenoid currently used for control of whiteflies in cotton. It demonstrated significant activity towards cotton aphid reared on treated cotton in our bioassays. Pyriproxyfen caused sterility in most aphids exposed to dosages exceeding 1 ppm, and reduced aphid longevity by approximately 50%. However, it did not appear to greatly influence the reproductive potential or longevity of reproductively mature aphids. A field study indicates that pyriproxyfen affects cotton aphid population structure and may have potential in managing cotton aphid outbreaks. Modifying aphid population structure and growth through the use of juvenoids such as pyriproxifen may prove to be an effective proactive approach to pest control without adversely impacting beneficial organisms or causing pest resurgence.