Extremely quick thermalization in a macroscopic quantum system for a typical nonequilibrium subspace
Extremely quick thermalization in a macroscopic quantum system for a typical nonequilibrium subspace
复制标题
DOI：
10.1088/1367-2630/17/4/045002
复制
发表时间：
2015-04-02
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Tasaki, Hal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldstein, Sheldon;Hara, Takashi;Tasaki, Hal
例如，宏观系统接近热平衡的事实可能看起来令人困惑，因为它似乎与微观动力学的时间可逆性相冲突。我们在这里证明，在一个宏观量子系统的一个典型的选择“非平衡子空间”，任何初始状态确实热化，事实上这样做非常快，玻尔兹曼时间τ（B）的顺序：=h/（k（B）T）。因此，需要解释的不是宏观系统接近热平衡，而是它们接近热平衡的速度很慢。
The fact that macroscopic systems approach thermal equilibrium may seem puzzling, for example, because it may seem to conflict with the time-reversibility of the microscopic dynamics. We here prove that in a macroscopic quantum system for a typical choice of 'nonequilibrium subspace', any initial state indeed thermalizes, and in fact does so very quickly, on the order of the Boltzmann time tau(B):=h/(k(B)T). Therefore what needs to be explained is, not that macroscopic systems approach thermal equilibrium, but that they do so slowly.