Developmental truths in memories of childhood and adolescence.
Developmental truths in memories of childhood and adolescence.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00805.x
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发表时间：
1995-06
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
A. Thorne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Thorne
这项对个人重要经历的记忆与年龄相关的变化的研究显示了“发展真理”，即与先前的发展理论和研究相一致的模式。参与者中有 47 名男性和 48 名 20 岁出头的女性。在一次密集的个人访谈中，平均收集了每个人 16 条记忆。记忆根据事件发生时的年龄、与研究参与者互动的其他人的身份、参与者希望从对方那里得到什么以及结果进行编码。正如预期的那样，与父母相遇和需要帮助的记忆在童年时期占主导地位，而与亲密朋友的相遇和需要亲密关系的记忆在青春期中期占主导地位。对于这个年轻的成年人样本来说，关于想要帮助他人的记忆很少，但就像对亲密关系的需求一样，随着年龄的增长而增加。尽管男性的模式往往比女性的模式更引人注目，但这种趋势似乎更多地归因于社会动态的实际发展差异，而不是当前关注点侵入记忆过程的程度差异。讨论了个人突出的、针对特定事件的回顾性报告对于理解人格发展和变化的优势。
This study of age-related changes in memories of personally important encounters showed "developmental truths," that is, patterns that converged with prior developmental theories and research. Participants were 47 males and 48 females in their early 20s. An average of 16 memories were collected from each person during an intensive personal interview. Memories were coded for age at the time of the episode, the identity of the other person with whom the study participant was interacting, what the participant wanted from the other person, and the outcome. As expected, memories of encounters with parents and about wanting help prevailed for childhood, whereas memories of encounters with close friends and about wanting intimacy prevailed by mid-adolescence. Memories about wanting to help others were sparse for this young-adult sample, but, like needs for intimacy, increased with age. Although patterns for males tended to be more dramatic than patterns for females, this trend appeared more attributable to actual developmental differences in social dynamics than to differences in the degree to which current concerns intruded into the memory process. The advantages of personally salient, event-specific retrospective reports for understanding personality development and change are discussed.