Effects of space flight on Xenopus laevis larval development.
Effects of space flight on Xenopus laevis larval development.
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太空飞行对非洲爪蟾幼虫发育的影响。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Wassersug
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Snetkova;N. Chelnaya;L. Serova;S. Saveliev;E. Cherdanzova;S. Pronych;R. Wassersug
利用Biocosmos卫星将53枚非洲爪哇早期受精胚胎送入轨道，并在微重力下停留11.5天。在此期间，胚胎孵化并继续发育为自由生活的幼虫。48人在这次任务中幸免于难。恢复后，这些蝌蚪的头/身体比地面对照的小，尾巴按比例较长。几乎所有的飞行动物都有尾部前凸，因此都是后空翻。与地面对照组相比，他们的脊索横截面积明显增大，并发生变形。尾部肌肉纤维密度较低，并以一种退化的方式内折。相比之下，在飞行和对照动物中，与口腔抽血相关的头盖肌没有区别。着陆时，飞行幼虫被发现为负浮力，在不游泳时躺在底部。他们的肺比对照组的要小得多，这表明他们的肺在微重力下未能充气。此外，鳃篮、鳃滤器和胸腺都显示出发育迟缓或退化的迹象。我们在X.laevis飞行中观察到的尾部畸形已经在其他三个太空飞行实验中独立观察到，在这些实验中，胚胎被发射，然后在太空中孵化。相比之下，来自另一个轨道实验的非洲爪哇幼虫通过在太空中受精孵化而饲养，没有表现出任何尾部异常。这些不同的结果表明，无论是发射本身的特征(即高加速度和高振动)，还是尾芽阶段重力的突然下降，都对无尾两栖动物的肌肉骨骼发育造成不利影响。
Fifty-three fertilized Xenopus laevis embryos at early tail bud stage were launched into orbit aboard a Biocosmos satellite and remained in microgravity for 11.5 days. During this period, the embryos hatched and continued to develop as free-living larvae. Forty-eight individuals survived the mission. Upon recovery these tadpoles had smaller heads/bodies and proportionately longer tails than ground controls. Almost all the flight animals had caudal lordosis and consequently swam in backward somersaults. Compared to ground-based controls, their notochords were significantly larger in cross-sectional area and were deformed. Caudal muscle fibers were less dense and involuted in a fashion indicative of degeneration. In contrast, cranial muscles associated with buccal pumping did not differ between the flight and control animals. Upon landing, the flight larvae were found to be negatively buoyant and lay on the bottom when they were not swimming. They had significantly smaller lungs than controls, suggesting that they had failed to inflate their lungs in microgravity. Additionally, the branchial baskets, gill filters and thymuses all showed signs of retarded development or degeneration. The caudal deformity that we observed in the flight X. laevis has been independently observed in three other space flight experiments where embryos were launched then hatched in space. In contrast, Xenopus larvae from another orbital experiment that were raised from fertilization through hatching in space did not exhibit any caudal abnormalities. These divergent results suggest that either features of the launch itself (i.e., high acceleration and vibration) or an abrupt decrease in gravity during the tail bud stage detrimentally affects musculoskeletal development in anurans.
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
R. Roy;K. Baldwin;V. Edgerton
通讯作者：
R. Roy;K. Baldwin;V. Edgerton