A process‐based approach to restoring depositional river valleys to Stage 0, an anastomosing channel network
A process‐based approach to restoring depositional river valleys to Stage 0, an anastomosing channel network
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基于过程的方法将沉积河谷恢复到阶段 0，即网状河道网络
DOI：
10.1002/rra.3378
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Sue L. Niezgoda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Paul D. Powers;Matt Helstab;Sue L. Niezgoda
河流恢复方法通常量化栖息地退化，因此恢复目标是基于狭窄范围的物种需求（例如，鲑鱼和鳟鱼），以及渠道演变模型和渠道设计工具偏向于单线程，和“沉积物平衡”的渠道模式。虽然这一战略提高了人们对生境的认识，但它往往不能正确地确定限制物种恢复和生态系统恢复的基本地貌和生态过程。在本文中，一个独特的过程为基础的方法来恢复，努力恢复退化的溪流，河流，或草甸系统的预处理条件。所提出的相对简单的地貌等级线（GGL）设计方法是基于地理信息系统（GIS）和基于实地的分析，以及使用相对高程模型开发的设计地图，这些模型暴露了遗迹预扰动山谷表面。几个案例研究都描述了GGL方法的发展，并说明如何GGL方法评估山谷表面已被应用到第0阶段恢复设计。本文还总结了GGL方法的广泛适用性，该方法的优点和局限性，以及未来世界任何地方0级系统设计者的关键考虑因素。通过介绍正在进行的第0阶段恢复工作，作者希望激励其他从业者通过恢复创建多方面河流系统的过程来恢复活力和多样性，这些河流系统提供长期的弹性，Meta稳定性，更大，更复杂和多样化的栖息地，以及最佳的生态系统效益。
Stream restoration approaches most often quantify habitat degradation, and therefore recovery objectives, on aquatic habitat metrics based on a narrow range of species needs (e.g., salmon and trout), as well as channel evolution models and channel design tools biased toward single‐threaded, and “sediment‐balanced” channel patterns. Although this strategy enhances perceived habitat needs, it often fails to properly identify the underlying geomorphological and ecological processes limiting species recovery and ecosystem restoration. In this paper, a unique process‐based approach to restoration that strives to restore degraded stream, river, or meadow systems to the premanipulated condition is presented. The proposed relatively simple Geomorphic Grade Line (GGL) design method is based on Geographic Information System (GIS) and field‐based analyses and the development of design maps using relative elevation models that expose the relic predisturbance valley surface. Several case studies are presented to both describe the development of the GGL method and to illustrate how the GGL method of evaluating valley surfaces has been applied to Stage 0 restoration design. The paper also summarizes the wide applicability of the GGL method, the advantages and limitations of the method, and key considerations for future designers of Stage 0 systems anywhere in the world. By presenting this ongoing Stage 0 restoration work, the authors hope to inspire other practitioners to embrace the restoration of dynamism and diversity through restoring the processes that create multifaceted river systems that provide long‐term resiliency, meta‐stability, larger and more complex and diverse habitats, and optimal ecosystem benefits.