Fuel cell system economics: comparing the costs of generating power with stationary and motor vehicle PEM fuel cell systems
Fuel cell system economics: comparing the costs of generating power with stationary and motor vehicle PEM fuel cell systems
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DOI：
10.1016/s0301-4215(02)00286-0
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Kammen, DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lipman, TE;Edwards, JL;Kammen, DM
这项调查研究了在各种条件下利用质子交换膜 (PEM) 燃料电池系统发电的经济性，包括使用燃料电池汽车 (FCV) 停放在办公楼和住宅时发电的可能性。分析表明，固定式燃料电池和基于燃料电池汽车的电力的经济性随着天然气价格、电价、燃料电池和重整器系统成本以及燃料电池系统耐久性水平等关键输入变量的变化而显着变化。 “中心案例”结果表明，当燃料电池系统成本达到 5 kW 家用系统（1200 美元/kW）约 6000 美元（1200 美元/kW）和 250 kW 商业系统 175,000 美元（700 美元/kW）时，固定式 PEM 燃料电池系统可以为加州的办公室和家庭提供净节省电力，并假设住宅中的 S6/GJ 和商业建筑中的 S4/GJ 的天然气成本较为有利。商业环境中的并网燃料电池汽车还可以以具有竞争力的价格供电，在某些情况下产生显着的年度效益。特别有吸引力的是净计量与分时电价的结合，允许以避免中央发电厂发电的成本向公用电网供电。基于燃料电池汽车的电力在个人住宅中似乎没有那么有吸引力，至少在燃料电池汽车电力只能直接使用或储存在公用事业公司进行净计量而不能大量出售的地方，这是由于这些地点的负载水平较低，与汽车燃料电池运行不匹配，天然气价格高于商业环境以及其他因素。 (C) 2002 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
This investigation examines the economics of producing electricity from proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems under various conditions, including the possibility of using fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) to produce power when they are parked at office buildings and residences. The analysis shows that the economics of both stationary fuel cell and FCV-based power vary significantly with variations in key input variables such as the price of natural gas, electricity prices, fuel cell and reformer system costs, and fuel cell system durability levels. The "central case" results show that stationary PEM fuel cell systems can supply electricity for offices and homes in California at a net savings when fuel cell system costs reach about $6000 for a 5 kW home system ($1200/kW) and $175,000 for a 250 kW commercial system ($700/kW) and assuming somewhat favorable natural gas costs of S6/GJ at residences and S4/GJ at commercial buildings. Grid-connected FCVs in commercial settings can also potentially supply electricity at competitive rates, in some cases producing significant annual benefits. Particularly attractive is the combination of net metering along with time-of-use electricity rates that allow power to be supplied to the utility grid at the avoided cost of central power plant generation. FCV-based power at individual residences does not appear to be as attractive, at least where FCV power can only be used directly or banked with the utility for net metering and not sold in greater quantity, due to the low load levels at these locations that provide a poor match to automotive fuel cell operation, higher natural gas prices than are available at commercial settings, and other factors. (C) 2002 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.