Genetic Factors and Orofacial Motor Learning Selectively Influence Variability in Central Sulcus Morphology in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Genetic Factors and Orofacial Motor Learning Selectively Influence Variability in Central Sulcus Morphology in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
复制标题
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2641-16.2017
复制
发表时间：
2017-05-31
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Schapiro, Steven J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hopkins, William D.;Coulon, Oliver;Schapiro, Steven J.
圈养黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）已被证明能够学习使用新颖的吸引注意力（AG）的声音来吸引人类的注意力，以此作为请求或吸引他们注意所需物体或食物的一种手段。黑猩猩使用 AG 声音存在显着的个体差异，在这里，我们检查了中央沟 (CS) 皮质组织的变化是否与 AG 声音的产生有关。对 240 只黑猩猩进行了 MRI 扫描，其中 122 只能够可靠地发出 AG 声音，118 只则不能。对于每个受试者，CS 的深度沿着上下平面进行量化，特别关注对应于控制口腔和口面部运动的运动皮层区域的下部。结果表明，与不能发出 AG 声音的黑猩猩相比，可靠发出 AG 声音的黑猩猩的下部分（而非上部分）的 CS 深度显着更大。定量遗传分析表明，整体 CS 表面积和深度具有显着的遗传性，特别是在上部区域，但在下部和中部区域遗传性较差。此外，CS 深度的遗传力随着 AG 声音的获取而改变。集体结果表明，学习发出 AG 声音会导致 CS 下部区域特定的皮质重组，这一发现以前在黑猩猩或任何非人类灵长类动物中都没有记录。
Captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have been shown to learn the use of novel attention-getting (AG) sounds to capture the attention of humans as a means of requesting or drawing their attention to a desired object or food. There are significant individual differences in the use of AG sounds by chimpanzees and, here, we examined whether changes in cortical organization of the central sulcus (CS) were associated with AG sound production. MRI scans were collected from 240 chimpanzees, including 122 that reliably produced AG sounds and 118 that did not. For each subject, the depth of CS was quantified along the superior-inferior plane with specific interest in the inferior portion corresponding to the region of the motor cortex where the mouth and orofacial movements are controlled. Results indicated that CS depth in the inferior, but not superior, portion was significantly greater in chimpanzees that reliably produced AG sounds compared with those who did not. Quantitative genetic analyses indicated that overall CS surface area and depth were significantly heritable, particularly in the superior regions, but less so in the inferior and central portions. Further, heritability in CS depth was altered as a function of acquisition of AG sounds. The collective results suggest that learning to produce AG sounds resulted in region-specific cortical reorganization within the inferior portion of the CS, a finding previously undocumented in chimpanzees or any nonhuman primate.