The influence of genetics, defensive chemistry and the fungal microbiome on disease outcome in whitebark pine trees
The influence of genetics, defensive chemistry and the fungal microbiome on disease outcome in whitebark pine trees
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DOI：
10.1111/mpp.12663
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Larkin, Beau
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bullington, Lorinda S.;Lekberg, Ylva;Larkin, Beau
入侵性真菌病原体茶藨子生柱锈菌（Cronartium ribicola）在整个北美西部感染并杀死白皮松（Pinus albicaulis）。白皮松已被提议列入美国《濒危物种法》，预计该物种的丧失将对高海拔森林的生态系统组成和功能产生严重影响。白皮松组织内存在大量内生真菌，可能影响白皮松炭疽病的严重程度。核糖体感染，直接通过抑制病原体生长或间接通过诱导树中的化学防御途径。萜烯是松树的一种化学防御物质，也会影响疾病。在这项研究中，我们的特点是真菌内生菌群落在白皮松幼苗之前和之后的实验接种C。Ribicola，监测疾病进展，并比较了常见花园中易感与抗性幼苗中的真菌群落组成。我们分析了这些幼苗的萜烯成分。种子家庭身份或母亲的遗传影响萜烯和内生菌群落。萜烯和内生菌的组成与疾病的严重程度，和萜烯浓度不同的抗性与敏感的幼苗。这些结果表明，对C.在天然白皮松种群中观察到的Ribicola是由遗传学、内生菌和针叶组织内的萜烯的组合效应引起的，其中微生物和宿主之间发生初始相互作用。与健康树木相关的树木基因型，萜烯和微生物组组合可以帮助预测或减少疾病的严重程度，并改善未来树木育种计划的结果。
The invasive fungal pathogen Cronartium ribicola infects and kills whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) throughout western North America. Whitebark pine has been proposed for listing under the Endangered Species Act in the USA, and the loss of this species is predicted to have severe impacts on ecosystem composition and function in high-elevation forests. Numerous fungal endophytes live inside whitebark pine tissues and may influence the severity of C. ribicola infection, either directly by inhibition of pathogen growth or indirectly by the induction of chemical defensive pathways in the tree. Terpenes, a form of chemical defence in pine trees, can also influence disease. In this study, we characterized fungal endophyte communities in whitebark pine seedlings before and after experimental inoculation with C. ribicola, monitored disease progression and compared fungal community composition in susceptible vs. resistant seedlings in a common garden. We analysed the terpene composition of these same seedlings. Seed family identity or maternal genetics influenced both terpenes and endophyte communities. Terpene and endophyte composition correlated with disease severity, and terpene concentrations differed in resistant vs. susceptible seedlings. These results suggest that the resistance to C. ribicola observed in natural whitebark pine populations is caused by the combined effects of genetics, endophytes and terpenes within needle tissue, in which initial interactions between microbes and hosts take place. Tree genotype, terpene and microbiome combinations associated with healthy trees could help to predict or reduce disease severity and improve outcomes of future tree breeding programmes.