Income and Mental Well-Being of Middle-Aged and Older Americans: Immigrants' Diminished Returns.
Income and Mental Well-Being of Middle-Aged and Older Americans: Immigrants' Diminished Returns.
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DOI：
10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.06
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Assari, Shervin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Assari, Shervin
简介：虽然收入是中年和老年人心理健康的主要社会决定因素之一，但与社会特权群体相比，社会边缘化群体从收入和其他社会经济地位（SES）资源中获得的健康较少。这种模式被称为边际化相关收益递减（MDRs）。然而，关于多边发展报告的大多数现有知识都来自基于种族、族裔或性取向界定边缘化的研究。因此，关于是否可以在中年和老年移民中观察到类似的MDR的信息非常有限。MDRs框架的基础上，本研究比较了全国样本的移民和非移民的收入对心理健康的中年和老年人在美国。方法：这是一个横断面研究。2015年全国健康访谈调查（NHIS）招募了14149名中年和老年人，他们是移民（n=1977; 14.0%）或非移民（n= 12166; 86.0%）。 自变量（IV）是被视为连续变量的收入。因变量是心理健康，也被视为连续变量。年龄、性别、种族、民族、教育、婚姻状况、就业、自评健康、肥胖和地区是混杂因素。移民（出生身份）是主持人。结果：中老年人的高收入与良好心理健康的可能性较高相关。然而，移民表现出显着的统计相互作用与收入，这是一个较小的保护作用，高收入对移民的心理健康比非移民的中年和老年adults.CONCLUSION：在符合MDR，收入和心理健康之间的关联是弱于非移民的中年和老年adults.有必要帮助高收入移民获得与非移民类似的健康结果。这些变化可能需要大胆和创新的经济，公共和社会政策，帮助移民更有效地将其收入和社会经济资源转化为精神健康等有形成果。
INTRODUCTION: Although income is among the major social determinants of mental health of middle-aged and older individuals, socially marginalized groups gain less health from their income and other socioeconomic status (SES) resources compared to socially privileged groups. This pattern is called marginalization-related diminished returns (MDRs). Most of the existing knowledge on MDRs, however, has been derived from studies that have defined marginalization based on race, ethnicity, or sexual orientation. As a result, very limited information exists on whether similar MDRs can be observed for middle-aged and older immigrants or not. Building on the MDRs framework, this study compared a national sample of immigrants and non-immigrants for the effects of income on the mental well-being of middle-aged and older adults in the United States.METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. The 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) enrolled 14 149 middle-aged and older individuals who were either immigrants (n=1977; 14.0%) or non-immigrants (n=12 166; 86.0%). The independent variable (IV) was income that was treated as a continuous variable. The dependent variable was mental well-being, also treated as a continuous variable. Age, gender, race, ethnicity, education, marital status, employment, self-rated health, obesity, and region were confounders. Immigration (nativity status) was the moderator. Logistic regression was applied for data analysis.RESULTS: High income was associated with higher odds of good mental well-being in middle-aged and older adults. However, immigration showed a significant statistical interaction with income, which was suggestive of a smaller protective effect of high income on mental well-being for immigrant than non-immigrant middle-aged and older adults.CONCLUSION: In line with MDRs, the association between income and mental well-being is weaker for immigrant than non-immigrant middle-aged and older adults. There is a need to help high income immigrants secure health outcomes similar to those of non-immigrants. Such changes may require bold and innovative economic, public, and social policies that help immigrants more effectively translate their income and socioeconomic resources into tangible outcomes such as mental well-being.