SIR JAMES STEUART ON ECONOMIC GROWTH
SIR JAMES STEUART ON ECONOMIC GROWTH
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詹姆斯·斯图尔特爵士谈经济增长
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9485.1978.tb01185.x
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发表时间：
1978
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
M. Akhtar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Akhtar
詹姆斯·斯图尔特爵士的《政治经济学原理》比亚当·斯密的《国富论》早9年出现，其中包含了一种根本不同的解决经济增长问题的方法。然而，正是斯密的方法构成了这一理论分支后来所有发展的基础。本文的目的是提供一个正式的轮廓Steuart的增长模型，并把这个模型在一个合适的角度在历史上的增长理论。首先，应该指出，施图尔特对增长问题的分析不能脱离他广泛而复杂的政治经济学体系。[2]因此，必须将本文件视为以经济增长为主导主题的整体的一部分。这一主题几乎出现在施图尔特思想的每一个方面：在他对现代社会起源的分析中，在他对交换经济所经历的各个贸易阶段的论证中，在他对不同国家不同增长率的讨论中，在他对流通和货币的强调中，在他对政府在经济过程中的作用的论述中（参见《经济学》）。Skinner，1966，pp. lx，lxxxiv）.像他的大多数同时代人一样，Steuart以现代交换经济的起源和性质开始了他的分析。他通过畜牧和农业类型的经济组织来追溯社会的进步，但他的大部分分析都涉及交换或货币经济的变化过程。斯图尔特认为交换经济经历了三个阶段：新生贸易、对外贸易和内陆贸易。在新生贸易状态期间，经济是封闭的，在迄今未使用或未充分利用的国内生产总值的基础上，
Sir James Steuart’s Principles of Political Oeconomy appeared nine years before Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations, and contained a fundamentally different approach to the problem of economic growth.’It was, however, Smith’s approach which formed the basis of all subsequent developments in this branch of theory. The purpose of this paper is to provide a formal outline of Steuart’s growth model and to place this model in a suitable perspective in the history of growth theory. At the outset, it should be noted that Steuart’s analysis of the growth problem cannot be isolated from his broad and complex system of political economy. 2 This paper, therefore, must be viewed as a part of the whole in which economic growth is the dominant theme. This theme appears in virtually every facet of Steuart’s thought; in his analysis of the origins of the modern society, in his arguments concerning various stages of trade experienced by the exchange economy, in his discussion of varying rates of growth in different countries, in his emphasis on circulation and money, and in his treatment of the role of government in the economic process (cf. Skinner, 1966, pp. lx, lxxxiv). Like most of his contemporaries, Steuart opened his analysis with an account of the origins and nature of modern exchange economy. He traced society’s progress through pastoral and agrarian types of economic organization, but most of his analysis deals with the process of change in the exchange or money economy. Steuart viewed the exchange economy as passing through three stages: infant trade, foreign trade, and inland trade. During the state of infant trade, the economy is closed and experiences rapid growth of output based on hitherto unused or underutilized domestic