Neonicotinoid insecticide travels through a soil food chain, disrupting biological control of non-target pests and decreasing soya bean yield
Neonicotinoid insecticide travels through a soil food chain, disrupting biological control of non-target pests and decreasing soya bean yield
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.12372
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Tooker, John F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Douglas, Margaret R.;Rohr, Jason R.;Tooker, John F.
新烟碱类杀虫剂是世界范围内使用最广泛的杀虫剂，但它们在环境中的命运仍不清楚，它们对非目标物种的影响潜力以及它们在农业生态系统中的作用也不清楚。我们在实验室和田间研究中调查了作为大豆种子包衣的烟碱类噻虫嗪对大豆、非目标软体动物食草动物及其昆虫捕食者之间相互作用的影响。在实验室中，害虫蛞蝓Deroceras reticulatum不受噻虫嗪的影响，但将毒素传播给捕食性甲虫（Chlaenius tricolor），损害或杀死> 60%。在该领域，噻虫嗪为基础的种子处理抑制活动密度的节肢动物捕食者，从而放松捕食蛞蝓和大豆密度降低19%，产量5%。新烟碱类残留分析表明，杀虫剂浓度通过食物链下降，但在现场收集的蛞蝓中的水平（高达500 ngg（-1））仍然高到足以伤害昆虫捕食者。我们的研究结果揭示了一个以前未被考虑的生态途径，通过该途径，类烟碱的使用可以无意中减少生物防治和作物产量。类烟碱的营养转移挑战了种子施用毒素精确针对草食性害虫的概念，并强调了在类烟碱风险评估和管理中考虑捕食性节肢动物和土壤群落的必要性。我们的研究结果揭示了一个以前未考虑的生态途径，通过该途径，类烟碱的使用可以无意中减少生物控制和作物产量。类烟碱的营养转移挑战了种子施用毒素精确针对草食性害虫的概念，并强调了在类烟碱风险评估和管理中考虑捕食性节肢动物和土壤群落的必要性。
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides world-wide, but their fate in the environment remains unclear, as does their potential to influence non-target species and the roles they play in agroecosystems. We investigated in laboratory and field studies the influence of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam, applied as a coating to soya bean seeds, on interactions among soya beans, non-target molluscan herbivores and their insect predators. In the laboratory, the pest slug Deroceras reticulatum was unaffected by thiamethoxam, but transmitted the toxin to predaceous beetles (Chlaenius tricolor), impairing or killing >60%. In the field, thiamethoxam-based seed treatments depressed activity-density of arthropod predators, thereby relaxing predation of slugs and reducing soya bean densities by 19% and yield by 5%. Neonicotinoid residue analyses revealed that insecticide concentrations declined through the food chain, but levels in field-collected slugs (up to 500ngg(-1)) were still high enough to harm insect predators.Synthesis and applications. Our findings reveal a previously unconsidered ecological pathway through which neonicotinoid use can unintentionally reduce biological control and crop yield. Trophic transfer of neonicotinoids challenges the notion that seed-applied toxins precisely target herbivorous pests and highlights the need to consider predatory arthropods and soil communities in neonicotinoid risk assessment and stewardship.Our findings reveal a previously unconsidered ecological pathway through which neonicotinoid use can unintentionally reduce biological control and crop yield. Trophic transfer of neonicotinoids challenges the notion that seed-applied toxins precisely target herbivorous pests and highlights the need to consider predatory arthropods and soil communities in neonicotinoid risk assessment and stewardship.