ON BEING THE RIGHT SIZE - MALE CONTRIBUTIONS AND MULTIPLE MATING IN SOCIAL HYMENOPTERA
ON BEING THE RIGHT SIZE - MALE CONTRIBUTIONS AND MULTIPLE MATING IN SOCIAL HYMENOPTERA
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/bf00299039
复制
发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
PAGE, RE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CROZIER, RH;PAGE, RE
根据 Cole (1983) 的观察，一妻多夫物种往往比单交物种拥有更大的群体，对社会性膜翅目蚁后发生多次交配的许多假设进行了回顾。这些假设中的大多数都不能被明确排除，但只有其中三个看起来足够普遍、合理且具有预测性，可以作为进一步研究的有用指南。这些以及他们的预测是：（1）种姓决定有遗传基础，因此一妻多夫可以使每个殖民地的潜在种姓制度得到更充分的表达。种姓分化较复杂的物种应该比种姓制度较简单的物种更容易一妻多夫。 (2) 一妻多夫制最大化了不同工蜂基因型的产生，从而最大化了群体可以忍受的环境条件范围。生态位较宽的物种应该比生态位较窄的物种更容易一妻多夫。 (3) 在杂合性性别决定模型下，当有性个体在群体生长后期产生时，二倍体雄性产生的方差的减少有利于一妻多夫制。在群体生长指数阶段繁殖的物种中，皇后应该倾向于交配一次，但在沿着群体生长曲线进一步繁殖的物种中，女王应该倾向于一妻多夫。 Williams（1975）观察到，随着一妻多夫制的增加，一窝鸟的遗传变异水平很快就达到最大值，这对雌性进行了量化。雄性单倍体物种的初始增加比雄性二倍体物种大得多。
A number of hypotheses for the occurrence of multiple mating by queens of social Hymenoptera are reviewed in the light of Cole''s (1983) observation that polyandrous species tend to have larger colonies than single-mating ones. Most of these hypotheses cannot be definitively excluded, but only three of them appear sufficiently general, plausible and predictive to be useful guides to further research. These, and their predictions, are: (1) Caste-determination has a genetic basis and hence polyandry allows fuller expression of the potential caste system in each colony. Species with more complex caste differentiation should be more often polyandrous than species with simpler caste systems. (2) Polyandry maximises the production of divergent worker genotypes and hence the range of environmental conditions that a colony can tolerate. Broader-niched species should be more often polyandrous than species with narrower niches. (3) The reduction of the variance of diploid male production, under the heterozygosity sex-determination model, favors polyandry when sexuals are produced late during colony growth. Queens in species reproducing during the exponential phase of colony growth should tend to mate once, but queens should tend to be polyandrous in species with reproduction occurring further along the colony growth curve. Williams''s (1975) observation that the level of genetic variation in a brood approaches a maximum very quickly with increasing polyandry is quantified for females; the initial increase is much greater for male-halpoid than for male-diploid species.