Nesting biologies and immature stages of the Tapinotaspidine bee genera Monoeca and Lanthanomelissa and of their Osirine cleptoparasites Protosiris and Parepeolus (Hymenoptera: Apidae: apinae)
Nesting biologies and immature stages of the Tapinotaspidine bee genera Monoeca and Lanthanomelissa and of their Osirine cleptoparasites Protosiris and Parepeolus (Hymenoptera: Apidae: apinae)
复制标题
DOI：
10.1206/0003-0082(2006)501
复制
发表时间：
2006-01-12
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Alves-Dos-Santos, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rozen, JG;Melo, GAR;Alves-Dos-Santos, I
描述了巴西东南部的Monoeca haemorrhoidalis（Smith）和Lanthanomelissa betinae Urban（Tapinotaspidini）的筑巢生物学。两者都是地面筑巢;前者的巢受到裂寄生虫长梅洛原蜂（Protosiris gigas）（Osirini）的攻击，而后者的巢受到微小拟步行虫（Parepeolus minutus Roig-Alsina）（Osirini）的攻击。卵的羽化、幼虫的取食行为和结茧。痔疮是详细的。雌虫打开M.通过在细胞帽上开一个大的口（产卵后将其塞住），她明显地延伸了她的转移体，从而感染了痔疮。间接证据表明，她使用她的交代顶端，甚至可能是刺，杀死寄主卵或早期幼虫。原瓶螺的卵要么附着在几乎垂直的宿主细胞的细胞壁表面，要么落在食物的表面。一龄巨茧蜂的上颚强烈弯曲，尖锐，也能杀死寄主的未成熟幼虫或竞争的裂头寄生虫。卵，幼虫各龄期，蛹的Monoeca hemorrhoidalis的描述，是卵和排泄后幼虫的Lanthanomelissa betinae。本文描述了大原瓶螺的卵、各龄幼虫和蛹，以及小拟瓶螺的排粪后幼虫。本文还对两个种的卵指数和卵巢的其他特征进行了鉴定和讨论，并根据这些数据初步探讨了Tapinotaspidini与Osirini之间可能的系统发育关系。分析了Osirini与其他剪寄生蜂类的可能系统发育关系。附录中讨论了Monoeca种的身份，其筑巢生物学在主要论文中介绍。该物种为M。hemorrhoidalis（Smith，1854），与M. schrottkyi（Friese，1902）和M. xanthopyga Harter-Marques，库尼亚，and Zambie，2001.提出了一个区分这三个种的检索表。Tetra-pedia piliventris Friese是M.痔疮（新同义词）。为Schrottkyi Friese厚角蜱指定了一个选择模式。原siris的种类发现攻击M。hemorrhoidalis在此被描述为新种，P. gigas梅洛属（P. Melo sp. nov.）。它在结构上与P. caligneus（Shanks）最相似，区别在于其丰富的黄色标记，下眼旁区的羽状短柔毛，突出的前中表皮和后体鳍上的稀疏点状。
The nesting biologies of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis (Smith) and Lanthanomelissa betinae Urban (Tapinotaspidini) are described from southeastern Brazil. Both are ground nesting; the nests of the former are attacked by the cleptoparasite Protosiris gigas Melo (Osirini), and those of the latter are attacked by Parepeolus minutus Roig-Alsina (Osirini). Egg eclosion, larval feeding behavior, and cocoon spinning of M. haemorrhoidalis are detailed. A female of P. gigas opens the closed cell of M. haemorrhoidalis by making a large opening in the cell cap (which is plugged after ovipositioning) through which she apparently extends her metasoma. Indirect evidence suggests that she uses her metasomal apex, and perhaps even the sting, to kill the host egg or early instar. Protosiris eggs are either attached to the cell-wall surface of the nearly vertical host cells or dropped onto the surface of the provisions. First instars of P. gigas, with strongly curved, sharply pointed mandibles, are also capable of killing host immatures or competing cleptoparasites.Cocoons of all four species are compared and contrasted. The egg, all larval instars, and pupa of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis are described, as are the egg and postdefecating larva of Lanthanomelissa betinae. The egg, all larval instars, and pupa of Protosiris gigas are described, as is the postdefecating larva of Parepeolus minutus.Both Monoeca haemorrhoidalis and Protosiris gigas have four ovarioles per ovary. The egg indices and other ovarian features of both species are identified and discussed.The possible phylogenetic relationship of the Tapinotaspidini with the Osirini is briefly explored on the basis of data from this study. Possible phylogenetic relationships of the Osirini with other cleptoparasitic apids are analyzed.In the appendix, the identity of the species of Monoeca, whose nesting biology is presented in the main paper, is discussed. The species is M. haemorrhoidalis (Smith, 1854), a species closely related to M. schrottkyi (Friese, 1902) and M. xanthopyga Harter-Marques, Cunha, and Moure, 2001. An identification key for distinguishing these three species is presented. Tetra-pedia piliventris Friese is placed as a junior synonym of M. haemorrhoidalis (new synonymy). A lectotype is designated for Pachycentris schrottkyi Friese. The species of Protosiris found attacking M. haemorrhoidalis is here described as new, P. gigas Melo sp. nov. It is structurally most similar to P. caligneus (Shanks), from which it differs by its abundant yellow marks, plumose pubescence on the lower paraocular area, protruding anterior mesoscutum, and sparser punctation on the metasomal terga.