Geographical determinants and environmental implications of livestock production intensification in Asia
Geographical determinants and environmental implications of livestock production intensification in Asia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biortech.2004.05.016
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Menzi, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gerber, P;Chilonda, P;Menzi, H
在不断增长和城市化的需求下，南亚、东亚和东南亚的畜牧业正在迅速发展，产量增加，并转向集约化生产系统。这些变化意味着对环境、公共卫生和农村发展的影响。环境影响主要与动物排泄物管理不善有关，导致地表水、地下水和土壤受到营养物质、有机物和重金属的污染。在畜牧环境与发展倡议的框架内，这项研究的目的是在区域范围内评估畜牧业生产对营养物质通量的影响。磷(P2O5)质量平衡被选为一个指标，并根据空间建模的牲畜密度、估计的排泄值和作物吸收来计算。结果显示，在单星分布方面，存在很强的东西梯度，明显集中在人口稠密的地区和城市中心周围。据估计，该研究地区23.6%的农用地存在五氧化二磷超载问题，这些农地主要位于中国东部、恒河盆地以及曼谷、胡志明市和马尼拉等城市中心附近。平均而言，牲畜粪便估计占农业五氧化二磷供应量的39.4%(其余部分由化肥供应)。畜牧业是城市中心周围和畜牧业专业区(中国南部和东北部)五氧化二磷的主要农业来源，而化肥在作物(水稻)密集区占主导地位。(C)2004爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Under growing and urbanising demand, livestock production is rapidly evolving in South, East and South-east Asia, with both an increase of production and a shift to intensive production systems. These changes infer impacts on the environment, on public health and on rural development. Environmental impacts are mainly associated with a mismanagement of animal excreta, leading to pollution of surface water, ground water and soils by nutrients, organic matter, and heavy metals. In the framework of the Livestock Environment and Development Initiative, this research aims at assessing, on a regional scale, the impacts of livestock production on nutrient fluxes. Phosphate (P2O5) mass balances were chosen as an indicator and were calculated on the basis of spatially modelled livestock densities, estimated excretion values and crop uptake. The results show a strong West-East gradient regarding the distribution of monogastrics, with clear concentration in densely populated areas and around urban centres. P2O5 overloads are estimated on 23.6% of the study area's agricultural land, mainly located in eastern China, the Ganges basin and around urban centres such as Bangkok, Ho Chi Minh City and Manila. On average, livestock manure is estimated to account for 39.4% of the agricultural P2O5 supply (the remaining share being supplied by chemical fertilisers). Livestock is the dominant agricultural source of P2O5 around urban centres and in livestock specialised areas (southern and north-eastern China), while chemical fertilisers are dominant in crop (rice) intensive areas. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.