Chaucer and Dame Alice Perrers
Chaucer and Dame Alice Perrers
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乔叟和爱丽丝·佩勒斯夫人
作者：
Haldeen Braddy
在爱德华三世统治期间，乔叟的名字在官方记录中出现的次数相对较多，这确实证明了他在英国宫廷中享有慷慨的赞助。在不少情况下，乔叟的好运归功于国王的次子、著名的冈特约翰；2但更多的杰出服务奖励来自国王的财政部门，这些奖励是通过爱德华三世的调解或通过他的王室影响力获得的。3现在，我们必须记住，众所周知，爱德华三世国王在他的晚年，在私人和官方生活中都受到他雄心勃勃的情妇爱丽丝·佩雷尔斯夫人的控制。4事实上，她的影响力影响力如此之大，以致于 1376 年，好议会以干涉国王恩宠为由，对她采取了行动，并随后将她逐出宫廷。5 因此，1888 年，著名法国历史学家西蒙·卢斯 (M. Simeon Luce) 在评论 1377 年弗鲁瓦萨 (Froissart) 关于乔叟的言论时，将这位英国诗人称为“最喜爱的爱丽丝·佩雷尔 (Alice Perrers) 的保护人”(le protege de la 最喜爱的爱丽丝·佩雷尔 (Alice Perrers))。他的陈述引用了权威，因此他观察到的乔叟和爱丽丝夫人之间的联系很可能只是一种推论，尽管他可能依赖于一些他没有提及的文件。乔叟效忠国王情妇的说法显然并非没有根据，至少得到了爱丽丝与王位密切关系的了解，这无疑可以合理地解释爱德华晚年有关乔叟赞助的一些最令人困惑的问题。因此，我们有充分的理由重新搜索7，以确定是否存在将国王的情妇与杰弗里·乔叟的命运联系起来的数据。在这项工作中，关系的首要要点之一是，几乎无一例外，爱丽丝夫人集团的八名成员要么是乔叟在法庭上的同伙，要么是他自己的私人朋友。菲利普·拉·瓦什爵士 (乔叟在真理中将其称为“你瓦什”9) 于 1375 年与向西航行的舰队上将菲利普·德·考特尼爵士进行了“赠与和出售”，将受监护人与“爱丽丝·佩雷尔斯女爵士”联姻。10 刘易斯·克利福德爵士，
THE relatively numerous appearances of Chaucer's name in the official records' during the reign of Edward III conclusively testify that he enjoyed at the English court generous patronage. In not a few instances Chaucer's good fortune was due to the King's second son, the renowned John of Gaunt;2 but a yet larger number of the rewards for excellent services came from the Exchequer of the King, and thus arrived by intercession of Edward III or through his royal influence.3 Now, it must be borne in mind that in his declining years King Edward III, as is well known, was dominated in private and official ife by his ambitious mistress, Dame Alice Perrers.4 Indeed her influence became so extensive that in 1376 the Good Parliament took action against her for interference in the bestowal of the King's favor, banishing her thereafter from court.5 It is therefore not without interest that in 1888 the eminent French historian, M. Simeon Luce, when commenting on Froissart's statement about Chaucer in 1377, should refer to the English poet as 'le protege de la favorite Alice Perrers.'6 Unfortunately Luce does not cite authority for his statement, and so the connection he observes between Chaucer and Dame Alice may well be no more than an inference though it is possible that he depended upon some document which he fails to mention. The suggestion that Chaucer owed allegiance to the King's mistress, clearly not unsupported at least by what is known about Alice's close affinity with the throne, would without question explain plausibly some of the most confusing problems respecting patronage to Chaucer in Edward's last years. There are thus strong reasons for searching anew7 to determine if data exist to link the King's mistress with the fortunes of Geoffrey Chaucer. In this undertaking one of the first points of relationship is that, almost without exception,8 members of Dame Alice's clique prove to be either Chaucer's associates at court or else his own personal friends. Sir Philip la Vache, whom Chaucer has immortalized in Truth as 'Thou Vache,'9 was in 1375 associated with Sir Philip de Courtenay, admiral of the fleet towards the West, in the 'gift and sale' of the marriage of a ward to 'Dame Alice Perrers.'10 Sir Lewis Clifford,