How reactions to cigarette packet health warnings influence quitting: findings from the ITC Four-Country survey
How reactions to cigarette packet health warnings influence quitting: findings from the ITC Four-Country survey
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02508.x
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
McNeill, Ann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borland, Ron;Yong, Hua-Hie;McNeill, Ann
为了前瞻性地检验健康警告对戒烟活动的影响，一项队列调查的五个波(2002-06)，其中一个调查波中对健康警告的反应被用来预测下一波中的戒烟活动，控制国家(警告差异的代理)和其他因素。这些分析在四个波到波的转变上重复。来自澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和美国的吸烟者。样本为波1-2：n=6525；波2-3：n=5257；波3-4：n=4439；波4-5：n=3993。在双变量分析中，警告的突显性、认知反应(想到伤害和戒烟)、戒烟和回避警告作为戒烟尝试和戒烟成功的预测因子。在双变量分析中，所有四种对警告的反应都独立于戒烟活动。在多变量分析中，戒烟和对警告的认知反应都预测了在所有重复中预期会进行戒烟尝试。然而，回避警告并不能始终如一地增加预测值，而且警告的显著程度也没有一致的模式。没有按国家进行互动。部分(但不是全部)影响是通过戒烟意图来调节的。这项研究对戒烟成功没有一致的影响。这项研究进一步证明，由于注意到警告而戒烟，以及与戒烟相关的认知反应是进行戒烟尝试的一致的预期预测因素。这项工作加强了证据基础，使各国政府能够超越《烟草控制框架公约》，强制要求在烟草产品上发出健康警告，以尽可能激发这些反应的最高水平。
To examine prospectively the impact of health warnings on quitting activity.Five waves (2002-06) of a cohort survey where reactions to health warnings at one survey wave are used to predict cessation activity at the next wave, controlling for country (proxy for warning differences) and other factors. These analyses were replicated on four wave-to-wave transitions.Smokers from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. Samples were waves 1-2: n = 6525; waves 2-3: n = 5257; waves 3-4: n = 4439; and waves 4-5: n = 3993.Warning salience, cognitive responses (thoughts of harm and of quitting), forgoing of cigarettes and avoidance of warnings were examined as predictors of quit attempts, and of quitting success among those who tried (1 month sustained abstinence), replicated across four wave-to-wave transitions.All four responses to warnings were independently predictive of quitting activity in bivariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, both forgoing cigarettes and cognitive responses to the warnings predicted prospectively making quit attempts in all replications. However, avoiding warnings did not add predictive value consistently, and there was no consistent pattern for warning salience. There were no interactions by country. Some, but not all, the effects were mediated by quitting intentions. There were no consistent effects on quit success.This study adds to the evidence that forgoing cigarettes as a result of noticing warnings and quit-related cognitive reactions to warnings are consistent prospective predictors of making quit attempts. This work strengthens the evidence base for governments to go beyond the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control to mandate health warnings on tobacco products that stimulate the highest possible levels of these reactions.