Executive Dysfunction as a Risk Marker for Substance Abuse: The Role of Impulsive Personality Traits
Executive Dysfunction as a Risk Marker for Substance Abuse: The Role of Impulsive Personality Traits
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DOI：
10.1002/bsl.845
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Nathan, Peter E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dolan, Sara L.;Bechara, Antoine;Nathan, Peter E.
物质使用家族史、执行功能、决策受损和当前物质依赖之间的关系是本研究的重点。将 38 名物质依赖住院患者与 30 名社区对照者进行了威斯康星州卡片分类测试、Trail-Making Test-B、Stroop 色词测试、Wais-II 数字跨度和爱荷华州赌博任务的表现进行比较。还评估了最近的饮酒情况、抑郁症状和冲动。正如假设的那样，物质依赖的个体表现出较差的执行功能。家族史状况与旨在测量背外侧前额叶皮层完整性的测试中的表现受损有一定关系。特别是，物质依赖、家族史阳性的个体在威斯康星卡片分类测试中的表现不如没有家族史的物质依赖个体。与家族史阴性对照相比，家族史阳性对照的数字跨度表现较差。正如假设的那样，冲动的人格特质，特别是行动前难以思考（紧迫感），与执行功能有关。结果表明，家族史状况带来的损害风险比最近滥用药物所带来的风险更高，而且冲动的性格特征与执行功能测试的表现有关。讨论了对犯罪的影响。版权所有 (C) 2008 约翰·威利父子有限公司
The relationships between family history of substance use, executive functions, impaired decision making, and current substance dependence are the focus of this study. Thirty-eight substance-dependent inpatients were compared with 30 community controls on performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Trail-Making Test-B, the Stroop Color Word Test, the Wais-II Digit Span, and the Iowa Gambling Task. Recent alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and impulsivity were also assessed. As hypothesized, individuals with substance dependence exhibited poorer executive functioning. Family history status was modestly related to impaired performance on tests designed to measure the integrity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In particular, substance-dependent, family history positive individuals performed less well on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test than substance-dependent individuals without a family history. Digit Span performances were worse among family history positive controls when compared with family history negative controls. Impulsive personality traits-specifically, difficulty thinking before acting (Urgency)-were related, as hypothesized, to executive functioning. Results indicate that family history status confers an increased risk of impairment beyond that conferred by recent substance abuse, and that impulsive personality traits are related to performance on tests of executive functions. Implications for criminality are discussed. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.