Through Liquid Democracy to Sustainable Non-Bureaucratic Government Harnessing the Power of ICTs for a Novel Form of Digital Government
Through Liquid Democracy to Sustainable Non-Bureaucratic Government Harnessing the Power of ICTs for a Novel Form of Digital Government
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通过流动民主到可持续的非官僚政府 利用信息通信技术的力量打造新型数字政府
DOI：
10.29379/jedem.v6i2.307
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
A. Paulin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Paulin
本文总结了前面提出的自助政府 (ss-Gov) 的概念，并探讨了如何将流动民主 (LD) 的原则应用于 ss-Gov 中以进行协作决策。对 LD 的历史进行了深入的了解，并总结了其最近的发展。通过将 ss-Gov 和 LD 相结合，可持续非官僚政府 (SNBG) 的概念被发展为一种新颖的、空白的方法，用于管理政府系统内和针对政府系统的资格。有人认为，LD 与 ss-Gov 的这种纠缠导致了一个闭路系统，可以提供法律关系的端到端自我管理。因此，有人认为，SNBG 是一个愿景概念，能够实现可变形的自我管理政府，几乎不需要政府的中介人类代理。基于现代议会决策过程的Gedanken实验讨论了这种方法的可行性。最近的研究（Paulin 2013）探讨了通过现代信息通信技术实现法律资格的可计算性，作为实现所谓的自助政府（ss-Gov）的方法。 Ss-Gov 是一种社会治理模式，在该社会中，不需要专门的公共管理系统（官僚机构）来维护特定背景下主体（例如公民）的法律资格，而是可以通过基于主体法律事实的原始数据的关系代数来计算资格。作为主体法律资格基础的原始数据由主动和被动法律主体读取和写入，这些主体同样具有计算出的分别消费和提供该数据的资格。因此，从理论上讲，建立了一个闭合回路，其中各种法律地位的主体与法律数据的关系系统进行交互，通过对存储在其中的原始数据的自助操作，可以实现法政治社会中主体的法律资格的转变。这种在司法政治社会中对法律资格进行技术确定/计算的方法被命名为（同上）基于星座的推理（CBR）。 CBR 所依据的方法可以与“打开弹子锁的钥匙进行比较，其中钥匙由于其特定的形状而将销移动到正确的星座，从而允许打开锁”（同上，第 1775 页）。然后，锁定义了所需数据的星座和定义（定义为关系集），密钥必须满足这些数据，即利益相关者和/或情况下上下文的数据，以解锁给定上下文中的特定资格。因此，ss-Gov 实现了一种新的政府模式，其中资格（例如权利）不是通过行政程序以证书形式从国家当局获得的，而是通过 CBR 的方式确定。确定资格的数学基础能够实现同质、标准化的技术存储、基于规则的生成和对原始法律数据的访问，从而使其能够作为计算机系统中的结构化数据进行可持续存储。这
The paper summarizes the concept of Self-Service Government (ss-Gov) as presented earlier and explores how the principles of Liquid Democracy (LD) can be applied in ss-Gov for collaborative decision making. A thorough insight into the history of LD is provided and its recent developments are summarized. By combining ss-Gov and LD, the concept of Sustainable, Non-Bureaucratic Government (SNBG) is developed as a novel, blank-slate approach to government of eligibilities within- and towards governmental systems. It is argued that such entanglement of LD with ss-Gov results in a closed-circuit system that can provide end-to-end self-management of jural relations. Thus, it is argued, SNBG is a vision concept capable to enable morphable self-managed government which requires virtually no mediatory human agents for government. The feasibility of such approach is discussed based on a Gedankenexperiment featuring a modern parliamentary decision-making process. recent study (Paulin 2013) explored the computability of jural eligibilities by means of modern ICTs as a method for enabling what is named there Self-Service Government (ss-Gov). Ss- Gov is a model for governing a society in which a dedicated public administration system (a bureaucracy ) is not required for asserting a subject's (e.g. citizen's) jural eligibilities in a particular context, but rather the eligibilities can be calculated by means of relational algebra based on raw data about the subject's jural facts. This raw data, which serves as a basis of a subject's jural eligibilities, is read and written by active and passive jural subjects, who again do have the calculated eligibility to consume, and provide, respectively, this data. Thus, in theory, a closed circuit is established in which subjects of various jural statuses interact with a relational system of jural data, which through self-service manipulation of the raw data stored within enables transformation of jural eligibilities of subjects in juropolitical societies. This approach to the technical determination / calculation of jural eligibilities in a juropolitical society was named (ibid.) Constellation-Based Reasoning (CBR). The methodology on which CBR is based can be compared to " a key opening a pin-tumbler lock, where the key due to its specific shape moves the pins into the right constellation, which allows the lock to be opened " (ibid., p.1775). The lock , then, defines the constellation and definition of the required data (defined as a relational set), which must be satisfied by the key , i.e. the data of a stakeholder and/or context in a situation, to unlock a particular eligibility in a given context. Thus, ss-Gov enables a new model of government in which eligibilities (e.g. rights) are not obtained in form of credentials from state authorities through administrative proceedings, but are rather determined by means of CBR. The mathematical basis for the determination of eligibilities enables homogeneous, standardizable technical storage, rule-based generation and access to the raw jural data, and hence its sustainable storage as structured data in computerized systems. This