Assessing Variation in the Individual-Level Impacts of a Multihost Pathogen
Assessing Variation in the Individual-Level Impacts of a Multihost Pathogen
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DOI：
10.1155/2023/4003285
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发表时间：
2023-05-27
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Carver，Scott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lewin，Zachary M.;Astorga，Francisca;Carver，Scott
大多数病原体感染不止一种宿主物种，并且在感染后，它们对个体水平的影响因宿主物种而异。然而，感染对个体影响的差异仍不清楚。使用有影响力和宿主通才的外寄生螨Sarcoptes scabiei（引起疥癣），我们通过以下方式评估了病原体影响的个体水平变化：（1）编译所有记录的S. scabiei个体水平影响。 Scbieia跨自由生活的宿主物种，（2）量化和排名S。疥疮对宿主物种的影响，以及（3）评估与疥疮相关的因素。疥疮的影响。我们编制了 S 的个人层面影响。来自 77 个宿主物种的疥疮感染，涵盖 31 种不同的影响，总共 683 个个体层面的影响描述。最常见的影响是影响皮肤、脱发（130 种描述）和角化过度覆盖（106 种）。根据这些影响，为每个物种生成了一个标准化指标（0-1 范围内的平均影响评分 (AIS)），作为病原体毒力的代表，可以对 S 进行定量比较。宿主物种之间的疥疮影响，同时考虑到评估影响的数量和类型的变化。日本貉（Nyctereutes viverrinus）被发现是受影响最大的宿主（AIS 0.899）。我们应用物种纳入标准进行排名，发现经过深入研究的物种往往是受 S 影响更大的物种。疥疮 (26/27 种 AIS < 0.5)。 AIS 与预测变量（方法学、系统发育和地理）的关系相对较弱。双齿兽目、偶蹄目和食肉目有成为受影响最大的类群的趋势，研究也集中在世界发达地区。这项研究是对多宿主寄生虫的个体水平病原体影响的首次定量评估。所提出的方法可应用于公共卫生、动物福利和保护问题的其他多宿主病原体，并使进一步的研究能够解决宿主物种之间病原体毒力变化的可能原因。
Most pathogens infect more than one host species, and given infection, the individual‐level impact they have varies among host species. Nevertheless, variation in individual‐level impacts of infection remains poorly characterised. Using the impactful and host‐generalist ectoparasitic miteSarcoptes scabiei(causing sarcoptic mange), we assessed individual‐level variation in pathogen impacts by (1) compiling all documented individual‐level impacts ofS. scabieiacross free‐living host species, (2) quantifying and rankingS. scabieiimpacts among host species, and (3) evaluating factors associated withS. scabieiimpacts. We compiled individual‐level impacts ofS. scabieiinfection from 77 host species, spanning 31 different impacts, and totalling 683 individual‐level impact descriptions. The most common impacts were those affecting the skin, alopecia (130 descriptions), and hyperkeratosis coverage (106). From these impacts, a standardised metric was generated for each species (average impact score (AIS) with a 0‐1 range), as a proxy of pathogen virulence allowing quantitative comparison ofS. scabieiimpacts among host species while accounting for the variation in the number and types of impacts assessed. The Japanese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes viverrinus) was found to be the most impacted host (AIS 0.899). We applied species inclusion criteria for ranking and found more well‐studied species tended to be those impacted more byS. scabiei(26/27 species AIS < 0.5). AIS had relatively weak relationships with predictor variables (methodological, phylogenetic, and geographic). There was a tendency for Diprotodontia, Artiodactyla, and Carnivora to be the most impacted taxa and for research to be focussed in developed regions of the world. This study is the first quantitative assessment of individual‐level pathogen impacts of a multihost parasite. The proposed methodology can be applied to other multihost pathogens of public health, animal welfare, and conservation concern and enables further research to address likely causes of variation in pathogen virulence among host species.