Decrease in Ambient Fine Particulate Matter during COVID-19 Crisis and Corresponding Health Benefits in Seoul, Korea
Decrease in Ambient Fine Particulate Matter during COVID-19 Crisis and Corresponding Health Benefits in Seoul, Korea
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph17155279
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发表时间：
2020-08-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hong, Yun-Chul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Han, Changwoo;Hong, Yun-Chul
国内排放和来自邻国的污染物输送都会影响韩国首尔的环境细颗粒物（PM2.5）浓度。控制 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 的多种措施，例如韩国的社交距离和增加远程办公以及中国的严格封锁措施，可能分别减少国内排放和运输污染物的水平。此外，佩戴颗粒过滤呼吸器可能会降低个人的绝对 PM(2.5) 暴露水平。因此，本研究估计了韩国首尔 COVID-19 危机期间 PM(2.5) 减少和公众行为变化所带来的急性健康益处。为了计算PM2.5造成的死亡负担，我们从公开数据库中获取了首尔的居民登记数据、死亡数据和空气污染监测数据。相对风险来自之前的时间序列研究。我们使用归因分数来估算2016年至2020年每年1月至4月期间因急性PM(2.5)暴露而导致的超额死亡人数，以及2020年观察到的因减少PM(2.5)和使用呼吸器而避免的死亡人数。2020年1月至4月的平均PM(2.5)浓度(25.6μg/m(3))是最低的在过去的5年里。与前 4 年相比，2020 年首尔环境 PM(2.5) 变化至少为 -4.1 mu g/m(3)(95% CI: -7.2, -0.9)。总体而言，37.6 (95% CI: 32.6, 42.5) 非偶然； 7.0 (95% CI: 5.7, 8.4) 心血管；由于 2020 年 PM(2.5) 的减少，呼吸系统死亡人数减少了 4.7 人（95% CI：3.4，6.1）。考虑到颗粒物呼吸器的影响，呼吸系统死亡人数减少了 102.5 人（95% CI：89.0，115.9），这并非偶然； 19.1 (95% CI: 15.6, 22.9) 心血管；估计呼吸系统死亡率为 12.9（95% CI：9.2，16.5）。我们估计，韩国首尔因与 COVID-19 相关的 PM(2.5) 减少而挽救了 37 条生命。由于在 COVID-19 危机期间广泛使用颗粒过滤呼吸器，健康益处可能会更大。未来需要使用每日死亡率数据进行研究来验证我们的研究估计。
Both domestic emissions and transported pollutants from neighboring countries affect the ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration of Seoul, Korea. Diverse measures to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), such as social distancing and increased telecommuting in Korea and the stringent lockdown measures of China, may reduce domestic emissions and levels of transported pollutants, respectively. In addition, wearing a particulate-filtering respirator may have decreased the absolute PM(2.5)exposure level for individuals. Therefore, this study estimated the acute health benefits of PM(2.5)reduction and changes in public behavior during the COVID-19 crisis in Seoul, Korea. To calculate the mortality burden attributable to PM2.5, we obtained residents' registration data, mortality data, and air pollution monitoring data for Seoul from publicly available databases. Relative risks were derived from previous time-series studies. We used the attributable fraction to estimate the number of excessive deaths attributable to acute PM(2.5)exposure during January to April, yearly, from 2016 to 2020, and the number of mortalities avoided from PM(2.5)reduction and respirator use observed in 2020. The average PM(2.5)concentration from January to April in 2020 (25.6 mu g/m(3)) was the lowest in the last 5 years. At least -4.1 mu g/m(3)(95% CI: -7.2, -0.9) change in ambient PM(2.5)in Seoul was observed in 2020 compared to the previous 4 years. Overall, 37.6 (95% CI: 32.6, 42.5) non-accidental; 7.0 (95% CI: 5.7, 8.4) cardiovascular; and 4.7 (95% CI: 3.4, 6.1) respiratory mortalities were avoided due to PM(2.5)reduction in 2020. By considering the effects of particulate respirator, decreases of 102.5 (95% CI: 89.0, 115.9) non-accidental; 19.1 (95% CI: 15.6, 22.9) cardiovascular; and 12.9 (95% CI: 9.2, 16.5) respiratory mortalities were estimated. We estimated that 37 lives were saved due to the PM(2.5)reduction related to COVID-19 in Seoul, Korea. The health benefit may be greater due to the popular use of particulate-filtering respirators during the COVID-19 crisis. Future studies with daily mortality data are needed to verify our study estimates.