Discovery of Seven Novel Mammalian and Avian Coronaviruses in the Genus Deltacoronavirus Supports Bat Coronaviruses as the Gene Source of Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus and Avian Coronaviruses as the Gene Source of Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus
Discovery of Seven Novel Mammalian and Avian Coronaviruses in the Genus Deltacoronavirus Supports Bat Coronaviruses as the Gene Source of Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus and Avian Coronaviruses as the Gene Source of Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus
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DOI：
10.1128/jvi.06540-11
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Yuen, Kwok-Yung
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Woo, Patrick C. Y.;Lau, Susanna K. P.;Yuen, Kwok-Yung
最近，我们报道了三种新型冠状病毒的发现，即白头翁冠状病毒HKU 11、鹅口疮冠状病毒HKU 12和冠状病毒HKU 13，它们被鉴定为冠状病毒亚科中一个新属--三角洲冠状病毒的代表。在这项涉及3，137只哺乳动物和3，298只鸟类的全港性分子流行病学研究中，我们在猪和鸟类中发现了7种新的三角洲冠状病毒，我们将其命名为猪冠状病毒HKU 15，白眼冠状病毒HKU 16，麻雀冠状病毒HKU 17，喜鹊冠状病毒HKU 18，夜鹭冠状病毒HKU 19，威金冠状病毒HKU 20和普通黑水鸡冠状病毒HKU 21。全基因组测序和比较基因组分析表明，禽和哺乳动物的δ冠状病毒具有相似的基因组特征和结构。它们都有相对较小的基因组（25.421至26.674 kb），是所有冠状病毒中最小的。它们在nsp 3基因中都有一个单一的木瓜蛋白酶样蛋白酶结构域;一个辅助基因，NS 6开放阅读框（ORF），位于M和N基因之间;和一个可变数量的辅助基因（最多4个）下游的N基因。此外，它们都具有相同的ACACCA的推定的转录调控序列。分子钟分析显示，所有冠状病毒的最近共同祖先估计约为公元前8100年，而α冠状病毒、β冠状病毒、γ冠状病毒和三角冠状病毒的最近共同祖先分别约为公元前2400年、公元前3300年、公元前2800年和公元前3000年。从我们的研究来看，蝙蝠和鸟类，温血飞行脊椎动物，似乎是冠状病毒基因源的理想宿主，蝙蝠是α冠状病毒和β冠状病毒的宿主，鸟类是γ冠状病毒和δ冠状病毒的宿主，以促进冠状病毒的进化和传播。
Recently, we reported the discovery of three novel coronaviruses, bulbul coronavirus HKU11, thrush coronavirus HKU12, and munia coronavirus HKU13, which were identified as representatives of a novel genus, Deltacoronavirus, in the subfamily Coronavirinae. In this territory-wide molecular epidemiology study involving 3,137 mammals and 3,298 birds, we discovered seven additional novel deltacoronaviruses in pigs and birds, which we named porcine coronavirus HKU15, white-eye coronavirus HKU16, sparrow coronavirus HKU17, magpie robin coronavirus HKU18, night heron coronavirus HKU19, wigeon coronavirus HKU20, and common moorhen coronavirus HKU21. Complete genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis showed that the avian and mammalian deltacoronaviruses have similar genome characteristics and structures. They all have relatively small genomes (25.421 to 26.674 kb), the smallest among all coronaviruses. They all have a single papain-like protease domain in the nsp3 gene; an accessory gene, NS6 open reading frame (ORF), located between the M and N genes; and a variable number of accessory genes (up to four) downstream of the N gene. Moreover, they all have the same putative transcription regulatory sequence of ACACCA. Molecular clock analysis showed that the most recent common ancestor of all coronaviruses was estimated at approximately 8100 BC, and those of Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus were at approximately 2400 BC, 3300 BC, 2800 BC, and 3000 BC, respectively. From our studies, it appears that bats and birds, the warm blooded flying vertebrates, are ideal hosts for the coronavirus gene source, bats for Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus and birds for Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus, to fuel coronavirus evolution and dissemination.