Role of Astrocytes in Delayed Neuronal Death: GLT-1 and its Novel Regulation by MicroRNAs.
Role of Astrocytes in Delayed Neuronal Death: GLT-1 and its Novel Regulation by MicroRNAs.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-08894-5_9
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Giffard, Rona G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ouyang, Yi-Bing;Xu, Lijun;Liu, Siwei;Giffard, Rona G
星形胶质细胞已被证明可以保护神经元免于延迟性神经元死亡，并增加其在脑缺血中的存活。星形胶质细胞保护的主要机制之一是通过星形胶质细胞质膜谷氨酸转运体（如GLT-1/EAAT-2）快速清除突触部位多余的谷氨酸，从而减少兴奋毒性。星形细胞线粒体功能对正常GLT-1功能至关重要。因此，控制星形细胞线粒体和GLT-1功能是提高脑缺血后神经元存活和改善预后的重要策略。越来越多的证据支持microrna （miRNA）参与脑缺血的调节，其中一些是星形胶质细胞富集的。本章将首先更新有关星形胶质细胞、GLT-1、星形细胞线粒体和延迟性神经元死亡的信息。然后，我们将重点关注最近报道的两个富含星形胶质细胞的mirna （miR-181和miR-29家族），它们对星形胶质细胞线粒体和GLT-1的影响以及脑缺血后的预后。
Astrocytes have been shown to protect neurons from delayed neuronal death and increase their survival in cerebral ischemia. One of the main mechanisms of astrocyte protection is rapid removal of excess glutamate from synaptic sites by astrocytic plasma membrane glutamate transporters such as GLT-1/EAAT-2, reducing excitotoxicity. Astrocytic mitochondrial function is essential for normal GLT-1 function. Manipulating astrocytic mitochondrial and GLT-1 function is thus an important strategy to enhance neuronal survival and improve outcome following cerebral ischemia. Increasing evidence supports the involvement of microRNAs (miRNA), some of them being astrocyte-enriched, in the regulation of cerebral ischemia. This chapter will first update the information about astrocytes, GLT-1, astrocytic mitochondria, and delayed neuronal death. Then we will focus on two recently reported astrocyte-enriched miRNAs (miR-181 and miR-29 families), their effects on astrocytic mitochondria and GLT-1 as well as on outcome after cerebral ischemia.