Molecular technology and antigenic variation among intraerythrocytic hemoparasites: do we see reality?
Molecular technology and antigenic variation among intraerythrocytic hemoparasites: do we see reality?
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DOI：
10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00571-4
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发表时间：
2001-11-22
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Allred, DR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allred, DR
抗原变异是许多微生物利用免疫逃避的一种机制，包括病毒、细菌和原生动物等广泛的进化群体，以在特异性激活的宿主免疫系统的冲击下生存。由于它对许多传染性病原体的生存具有重要意义，因此人们对了解这种现象非常感兴趣。随着这些微生物故意操纵其基因组的分子机制的知识，有可能破坏负责遗传机制的分子机制。在红细胞内寄生虫中，已经观察到或假设控制抗原变异的遗传机制包括节段性基因转换、表观遗传控制的原位转录转换、与转录控制相关的染色体结构改变。以及有性生殖过程中的重组很可能，所有发生抗原变异的生物体都使用一种以上的机制。在本文中，所观察到的机制和一些分子技术用于检测这些机制进行了讨论。虽然从技术角度来看似乎很简单，但有时用于研究该过程的方法的细微差异可能会影响观察到的结果。这种现象的一些例子进行了讨论的背景下，一个小的选择红细胞内寄生虫。(C)2001 Elsevier Science B.V.保留所有权利。
Antigenic variation is one mechanism of immune evasion utilized by many microorganisms-encompassing such broad evolutionary groups as viruses, bacteria, and protozoa-to survive the onslaught of a specifically activated host immune system. Because of its importance to the survival of many infectious agents there is considerable interest in understanding this phenomenon. With knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which these microbes deliberately manipulate their genomes, it may be possible to disrupt the molecular machinery of the responsible genetic mechanisms. Among intraerythrocytic parasites, genetic mechanisms that have been observed or postulated to control antigenic variation include segmental gene conversion, epigenetically controlled in situ transcriptional switching, alterations of chromosomal structure associated with transcriptional control. and recombination during sexual reproduction. Likely, more than one type of mechanism is used by all organisms that undergo antigenic variation. In this paper, both the observed mechanisms and some of the molecular technology used to detect these mechanisms are discussed. While often seemingly straightforward from a technical standpoint, sometimes subtle differences in the methods used to study this process may affect what is observed. Some examples of this phenomenon are discussed in the context of a small selection of intraerythrocytic parasites. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.