Stress proteins and the immune response
Stress proteins and the immune response
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00548934
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发表时间：
1990-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Young
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Young
在了解应激蛋白的功能方面的进展已经揭示了它们在许多细胞功能中的重要作用，并且最近的发现已经引起了人们对它们参与免疫系统的几个方面的广泛兴趣。实际上，应激蛋白目前提供了一个共同的关注焦点，它将各种感染性疾病的研究与自身免疫和抗原加工和识别的基本机制的研究联系起来（综述参见Kaufmann，1990; Young等，1990; Young，1990）。本文综述了应激蛋白与免疫系统相互作用的主要特征，并重点介绍了该领域当前的研究热点：应激蛋白与感染。作为在分子水平上理解疾病过程的方法的一部分，已经在涉及原核和真核病原体的免疫识别的蛋白质抗原的分离和表征方面投入了相当大的努力。这些研究的一个显著特点是鉴定了应激蛋白家族成员作为来自多种多样的细菌、原生动物和蠕虫寄生虫的主要抗原（见表）。最常见的是，这些抗原的鉴定是通过用抗体探针筛选重组DNA表达文库得到的，但同样的蛋白质也被证明是增殖性T细胞应答的有效诱导剂。自身蛋白与外来抗原的区别显然是免疫系统功能的核心，并且可能已经预测到自身耐受将使免疫系统对高度保守的分子如应激蛋白产生偏见。然而，奇怪的是，来自广泛病原体的应激蛋白抗原的突出表明，免疫系统实际上对这些保守分子有偏好。对这一现象的进一步分析可能会为免疫库选择的基本规则提供重要线索。
Progress in understanding of the function of stress proteins has revealed their essential role in many cellular functions and recent findings have led to a widespread interest in their involvement with several aspects of the immune system. Indeed, stress proteins currently provide a common focus of attention which links studies in a variety of infectious dieases with research into autoimmunity and into basic mechanisms of antigen processing and recognition (for reviews, see Kaufmann, 1990; Young et al, 1990; Young, 1990). Key features of the interaction between stress proteins and the immune system are reviewed in this paper and current topics of active research interest in this field are highlighted.Stress Proteins and Infection. As part of an approach towards understanding of disease processes at a molecular level, a considerable effort has been invested in the isolation and characterization of protein antigens involved in immune recognition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens. A striking feature of such studies has been the identification of members of stress protein families as major antigens from a wide diversity of bacterial, protozoan and helminthic parasites (see table). Most frequently, identification of these antigens has resulted from screening of recombinant DNA expression libraries with antibody probes, but the same proteins have also been shown to be potent inducers of proliferative T cell responses. The distinction of self proteins from foreign antigens is obviously central to the functioning of the immune system and it might have been predicted that self tolerance would prejudice the immune system against highly conserved molecules like the stress proteins. Paradoxically, however, the prominence of stress protein antigens from a wide range of pathogens suggests that the immune system does in fact have a bias in favour of such conserved molecules. Further analysis of this phenomenon may provide important clues as to the basic rules underlying selection of the immune repertoire.