Mapping the volcanic hazards from Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies using an image processor
Mapping the volcanic hazards from Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies using an image processor
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使用图像处理器绘制西印度群岛蒙特塞拉特岛苏弗里埃尔山火山的火山灾害地图
DOI：
10.1144/gsjgs.145.4.0541
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
M. C. Isaacs
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Wadge;M. C. Isaacs
我们利用蒙特塞拉特地形数字模型、重力流简单数学模型和关于下次火山爆发方式的一些假设，绘制了苏弗里埃山火山的火山危险图。这是使用图像处理计算机模拟火山碎屑流产生的沉积物来完成的。这种技术比传统的制图方法具有空间精度、快速计算多个喷发模型和所用物理模型的明确性质等优点。苏弗里埃山火山是一座小型安山质火山，其特征是一组山顶圆顶和火山碎屑流沉积物和泥石流的裙部，现在有数千人居住在那里。大部分的侧翼覆盖着沉积物从一系列的喷发从24000年至16000年BP，虽然有一些证据表明，圆顶的增长和小火山碎屑流已经发生。该模型受到来自以前喷发沉积物的现场证据的限制。虽然证据不足以模拟单个流动单元，但可以使用累积沉积物。从喷发存款模型，我们已经创建了一个专门用于应急规划的新型地图。这个连续的危险区地图试图描绘的区域，将在危险的火山碎屑流在连续的阶段，从一个火山爆发的能量释放是随着时间的推移而增加。
We have used a digital model of the topography of Montserrat, a simple mathematical model of gravitational flow and some assumptions of the way in which the next eruption will develop to create a map of the volcanic hazards from Soufriere Hills Volcano. This has been done using an image processing computer to simulate the deposits produced by pyroclastic flows. This technique has the advantages over more traditional cartographic methods of spatial precision, rapid computation of multiple eruption models and the explicit nature of the physical model used. Soufriere Hills Volcano is a small andesitic volcano characterized by a cluster of summit domes and an apron of pyroclastic flow deposits and mudflows upon which several thousand people now live. Most of the flanks were covered by deposits from a series of eruptions from 24000 to 16000 a BP, though there is some evidence that dome growth and small pyroclastic flows have occurred since. The modelling is constrained by field evidence from the deposits of previous eruptions. Although the evidence is not good enough to model individual flow units, the cumulative deposits can be used. From the eruption deposit models we have created a new type of map specifically for emergency planning. This sequential hazard zone map attempts to portray the regions that would be at hazard from pyroclastic flows during successive stages from the start of an eruption whose energy release was increasing with time.