Polycomb and Trithorax Group Genes in Drosophila
Polycomb and Trithorax Group Genes in Drosophila
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DOI：
10.1534/genetics.115.185116
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Tamkun, John W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kassis, Judith A.;Kennison, James A.;Tamkun, John W.
多梳组（PcG）和三胸组（TrxG）基因编码后生动物发育和分化的重要调控因子。这两组基因在果蝇中通过它们对同源异型基因（Hox）表达的相反作用而被发现。PcG基因共同作为Hox基因的遗传阻遏物，而TrxG基因是HOX基因表达或功能所必需的。生物化学研究表明，许多PcG蛋白存在于两种蛋白质复合物中，Polycomb抑制复合物1和2，其通过染色质修饰抑制转录。TrxG蛋白通过多种机制激活转录。在这里，我们总结了大量的遗传和生物化学实验在果蝇这两个重要的基因组。
Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) genes encode important regulators of development and differentiation in metazoans. These two groups of genes were discovered in Drosophila by their opposing effects on homeotic gene (Hox) expression. PcG genes collectively behave as genetic repressors of Hox genes, while the TrxG genes are necessary for HOX gene expression or function. Biochemical studies showed that many PcG proteins are present in two protein complexes, Polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2, which repress transcription via chromatin modifications. TrxG proteins activate transcription via a variety of mechanisms. Here we summarize the large body of genetic and biochemical experiments in Drosophila on these two important groups of genes.