Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps
Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps
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DOI：
10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362
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发表时间：
2019-02-16
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Glover, Adrian G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Georgieva, Magdalena N.;Little, Crispin T. S.;Glover, Adrian G.
了解热液喷口和冷泉群落演化历史的主要限制之一是从古代沉积物中识别管化石。管栖环节动物是现代喷口和渗漏生态系统中最引人注目的居民，古代喷口和渗漏管化石通常被认为是由环节动物制成的。然而，许多来自喷口和渗漏的管化石的分类亲缘关系是有争议的，或者由于识别困难而在很大程度上尚未确定。本研究对热液喷口和冷泉环境中的6个科的现代环节动物管和7种管化石（新生代、12种中生代和4种古生代）进行了详细的化学（傅立叶变换红外光谱和热解气相色谱质谱）和形态学评价。从这些调查中确定的字符被用来探索第一次的系统学古通风和渗漏管的分支系统框架内。结果揭示了现代管的组成和超微结构的细节，也表明，两种类型的管从古代喷口的地方是由环节动物家庭Siboglinidae，往往占主导地位的现代通风口和渗漏。我们的研究结果还强调，以前被认为是由环节动物的几个通风和渗漏管化石不能分配环节动物的联系与任何确定性。研究结果总体上提高了质量控制水平方面的解释化石管，最重要的是，表明siboglinids可能占据中生代喷口和渗漏，大大增加了最低年龄的分支相对较早的分子估计。
One of the main limitations to understanding the evolutionary history of hydrothermal vent and cold seep communities is the identification of tube fossils from ancient deposits. Tube-dwelling annelids are some of the most conspicuous inhabitants of modern vent and seep ecosystems, and ancient vent and seep tubular fossils are usually considered to have been made by annelids. However, the taxonomic affinities of many tube fossils from vents and seeps are contentious, or have remained largely undetermined due to difficulties in identification. In this study, we make a detailed chemical (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry) and morphological assessment of modern annelid tubes from six families, and fossil tubes (seven tube types from the Cenozoic, 12 Mesozoic and four Palaeozoic) from hydrothermal vent and cold seep environments. Characters identified from these investigations were used to explore for the first time the systematics of ancient vent and seep tubes within a cladistic framework. Results reveal details of the compositions and ultrastructures of modern tubes, and also suggest that two types of tubes from ancient vent localities were made by the annelid family Siboglinidae, which often dominates modern vents and seeps. Our results also highlight that several vent and seep tube fossils formerly thought to have been made by annelids cannot be assigned an annelid affiliation with any certainty. The findings overall improve the level of quality control with regard to interpretations of fossil tubes, and, most importantly, suggest that siboglinids likely occupied Mesozoic vents and seeps, greatly increasing the minimum age of the clade relative to earlier molecular estimates.