Patterns of distributive environmental inequity under different PM2.5 air pollution scenarios for Salt Lake County public schools
Patterns of distributive environmental inequity under different PM2.5 air pollution scenarios for Salt Lake County public schools
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2020.109543
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发表时间：
2020-07-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Kelly, Kerry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mullen, Casey;Grineski, Sara;Kelly, Kerry
之前的研究已经将美国公立学校空气污染暴露的社会差异与种族/民族和社会经济地位进行了分类。这些研究依赖于长期的、平均的空气污染测量，这培育了一种静态的暴露差异概念。本文考察了盐湖县(SLC)和犹他州公立学校在三种不同的PM2.5情景下--相对清洁的空气、适度的冬季持续冷空气池(PCAP)和主要的冬季PCAP--在种族/民族、经济贫困、学生年龄和学校类型方面的PM2.5暴露差异。我们将SLC学校(n=174)的人口统计数据与PM2.5模型值配对，这些PM2.5值是通过社区和大学合作放置的分布式传感器网络获得的。控制学区聚类和其他协变量的广义估计方程的结果表明，不同的PM2.5污染情景下，社会不平等的模式不同。特许学校和为经济困难学生提供服务的学校在相对清洁的空气和适度的PM2.5 PCAP条件下经历了不成比例的暴露，但这些不平等在PCAP主要条件下得到缓解。在所有PM2.5污染情景下，种族/少数族裔学生比例较高的学校暴露在不平等的环境中，反映出种族/民族差异在暴露中的重要性。这些发现表明，在SLC和其他地方，有必要改变政策，保护学龄儿童免受环境损害。
Previous studies have cataloged social disparities in air pollution exposure in US public schools with respect to race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. These studies rely upon chronic, averaged measures of air pollution, which fosters a static conception of exposure disparities. This paper examines PM2.5 exposure disparities in Salt Lake County (SLC), Utah public schools under three different PM2.5 scenarios-relatively clean air, a moderate winter persistent cold air pool (PCAP), and a major winter PCAP-with respect to race/ethnicity, economic deprivation, student age, and school type. We pair demographic data for SLC schools (n = 174) with modelled PM2.5 values, obtained from a distributed network of sensors placed through a community-university partnership. Results from generalized estimating equations controlling for school district clustering and other covariates reveal that patterns of social inequality vary under different PM2.5 pollution scenarios. Charter schools and schools serving economically deprived students experienced disproportionate exposure during relatively clean air and moderate PM2.5 PCAP conditions, but those inequalities attenuated under major PCAP conditions. Schools with higher proportions of racial/ethnic minority students were unequally exposed under all PM2.5 pollution scenarios, reflecting the robustness of racial/ethnic disparities in exposure. The findings speak to the need for policy changes to protect school-aged children from environmental harm in SLC and elsewhere.