NEW ENVIRONMENTAL PARADIGM
NEW ENVIRONMENTAL PARADIGM
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DOI：
10.1080/00958964.1978.10801875
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发表时间：
1978-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
VANLIERE, KD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DUNLAP, RE;VANLIERE, KD
在1976年春季和夏季的调查数据收集从两个样本的华盛顿州居民。首先，从该州每个社区的电话簿中抽取了华盛顿1441户家庭的系统概率样本。向每个家庭邮寄了两份附信的信件，寄往电话簿上所列的姓名。然而，为了使女性答卷人的比例高于户主调查的通常比例（见Dillman等人，一九七四年：753），一半的求职信（每隔一封）要求由一名成年女性填写问卷，如果一名成年女性在家中，而另一半则要求由一名成年男性填写问卷，如果一名成年男性在场（如果没有适当性别的成年人在场，则要求收件人填写问卷）。[3]使用Dillman（1978）开发的邮件调查技术，我们获得了相对较好的回复率：在最初的441名样本成员中，有208名成员因死亡、身体无法完成问卷、已搬家且未留下转发地址或已搬离该州而被删除。在其余的1233名潜在的受访者中，806人返回了完整的可用问卷，回复率为65.4%。这806名受访者应合理地代表总华盛顿成年人口，并将被称为一般公众样本（GPS）。[4]在同一时期，我们还调查了华盛顿一个全州范围的环境组织的成员。我们被允许从该组织的邮件列表中抽取样本，我们通过列表上的每一个名字选择了一半成员的系统样本。在选定的558名个人中，只有16人因死亡、身体无法填写调查表或已搬家而没有留下新地址而被删除。在剩下的542名潜在受访者中，407人返回了完整的问卷，回复率为75.1%。鉴于样本量大及回应率高，回应者（下称“环保组织样本”或“EOS”）应能代表所有组织成员。该样本的可用性非常重要，因为我们从逻辑上预计加入环保组织的个人比普通公众更有可能支持新经济政策。5因此，EOS和GPS响应的比较将提供关于所提议的NEP测量仪器的有效性的信息。调查中使用的问卷包括广泛的项目。首先，调查对象对生活质量的看法、对国家和地方社区面临的问题的看法、对国家项目资助的支持等。调查问卷的后半部分特别关注环境问题，设计用于测量NEP的12个项目包括在35个Ukert类型项目中，涉及一系列环境问题-污染、人口和自然资源。这组项目
MethodsDuring the spring and summer of 1976 survey data were gathered from two samples of Washington state residents. First, a systematic probability sample of 1441 Washington households was drawn from the telephone directories for every community in the state. 2 Questionnaires with cover letters addressed to the name listed in the telephone directory were mailed to each of the households. However, in an effort to obtain a higher proportion of female respondents than typically obtained in heads-of-household surveys (see Dillman, et al., 1974: 753), one-half of the cover letters (every other one) requested that the questionnaire be completed by an adult female if one was present in the household, while the other half requested that the questionnaire be completed by an adult male if one was present (if an adult of the appropriate sex was not present, the addressee was requested to complete the questionnaire). 3 Using the mail survey techniques developed by Dillman (1978), we achieved a relatively good response rate: of the originall441 sample members, 208 had to be deleted for reasons of being deceased, physically incapable of completing the questionnaire, having moved and left no forwarding address or having moved out of the state. Of the remaining 1233 potential respondents, 806 returned completed usable questionnaires for a response rate of 65.4 percent. These 806 respondents should be reasonably representative of the total Washington adult population, and will be referred to as the General Public Sample (GPS). 4 We also surveyed the membership of a state-wide environmental organization in Washington during the same time period. We were given permission to draw a sample from the organization's mailing list, and we selected a systematic sample of one-half of the members by taking every other name on the list. Of the 558 individuals selected, only 16 had to be deleted for reasons of being deceased, physically incapable of completing the questionnaire, or having moved and left no forwarding address. Of the remaining 542 potential respondents, 407 returned completed questionnaires for aresponse rate of 75.1 percent. In view of the large sample size and high response rate, the respondents (hereafter referred to as the Environmental Organization Sample or EOS) should be representative of the total organizational membership. The availability of this sample is quite important, as we would logically expect individuals who have· joined an environmental organization to be more likely to endorse the NEP than members of the general public. 5 Thus, a comparison of EOS and GPS responses will pro" Vide information on the validity of the proposed NEP measuring instrument. The questionnaire used in the survey included a wide range of items. It began by asking about respondents' perceived quality of life, perception of problems facing the state and local community, support for funding state programs, etc. The second half of the questionnaire focused specifically on environmental issues, and the 12 items designed to measure the NEP were included among a list of 35 Ukert-type items concerning a range of environmental issues-pollution, population and natural resources. The set of items