Easier done than undone: Asymmetry in the malleability of implicit preferences
Easier done than undone: Asymmetry in the malleability of implicit preferences
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.90.1.1
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Banaji, MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gregg, AP;Seibt, B;Banaji, MR
双过程模型意味着自动的态度应该比他们的自我报告的同行灵活性低，相关的经验记录，但是，是混合的。为了推进这场辩论，作者进行了4个实验，调查一个想象的社会群体对另一个社会群体的自动偏好如何容易被诱导或逆转。实验1和2表明，自动偏好，像自我报告的，可以很容易地诱导抽象的假设和具体的学习。与此相反，实验3和4表明，新形成的自动偏好，不像自我报告的，不能轻易逆转的抽象假设或具体的学习。因此，内隐态度的相对稳定性似乎并不意味着对复杂认知的免疫力，也不意味着对迅速形成的抵制，而是意味着一旦形成就对修改不敏感。
Dual-process models imply that automatic attitudes should be less flexible than their self-reported counterparts; the relevant empirical record, however, is mixed. To advance the debate, the authors conducted 4 experiments investigating how readily automatic preferences for one imagined social group over another could be induced or reversed. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed that automatic preferences, like self-reported ones, could be readily induced by both abstract supposition and concrete learning. In contrast, Experiments 3 and 4 revealed that newly formed automatic preferences, unlike self-reported ones, could not be readily reversed by either abstract supposition or concrete learning. Thus, the relative inflexibility of implicit attitudes appears to entail, not immunity to sophisticated cognition, nor resistance to swift formation, but insensitivity to modification once formed.