INTERVIEW MODE EFFECTS IN SURVEYS OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL-USE - A FIELD EXPERIMENT
INTERVIEW MODE EFFECTS IN SURVEYS OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL-USE - A FIELD EXPERIMENT
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DOI：
10.1086/269419
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发表时间：
1994-06-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
AQUILINO, WS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
AQUILINO, WS
本研究探讨访谈模式对受访者揭露违法或不良行为意愿的影响，以及访谈模式影响回应倾向的机制。一个现场实验的目的是控制模式的影响，由于抽样和筛选，以响应匿名（通过使用自填问卷[SAQs]）和社会距离的采访者-受访者的关系（电话与个人通信）的影响可以测试。18-45岁的受访者被随机分配到采访模式：电话，面对面，或自我管理。承认非法药物使用和酒精使用最有可能在个人模式与SAQs，略低于个人模式没有SAQs，最不可能在电话模式。黑人的模式差异的幅度大于白人，并且在更不信任他人的受访者中更大。结果支持的概念，由于面试模式的反应效果，至少部分来自面试模式的差异，以减轻受访者的保密问题的能力。与面对面交流相比，电话访谈中访谈者与被访者之间的社会距离更大，这使得研究者更难做出令人信服的保密保证。SAQ提供的匿名回应似乎也增加了受访者透露敏感行为的意愿，特别是在种族/少数民族中。
This research explores the impact of interview mode on respondents' willingness to reveal illicit or undesirable behavior and mechanisms by which interview mode influences response tendencies. A field experiment was designed to control mode effects due to sampling and screening so that the impact of response anonymity (through use of self-administered questionnaires [SAQs]) and social distance in the interviewer-respondent relationship (telephone vs. personal communication) could be tested. Respondents aged 18-45 were randomly assigned to interview mode: telephone, face-to-face, or self-administered. Admission of illicit drug use and alcohol use was most likely in the personal mode with SAQs, slightly less likely in personal mode without SAQs, and least likely in the telephone mode. The magnitude of the mode differentials was larger for blacks than for whites, and larger among respondents who are more mistrustful of others. Results support the notion that response effects due to mode of interview derive, at least in part, from interview mode differences in ability to assuage respondents' confidentiality concerns. Greater social distance between interviewer and respondent in the telephone interview, compared with face-to-face communication, makes it more difficult for the researcher to make convincing confidentiality guarantees. The response anonymity provided by SAQs also appears to increase respondents' willingness to reveal sensitive behavior, especially among racial/ethnic minorities.