How tall buildings affect turbulent air flows and dispersion of pollution within a neighbourhood
How tall buildings affect turbulent air flows and dispersion of pollution within a neighbourhood
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.041
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
ApSimon, Helen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aristodemou, Elsa;Boganegra, Luz Maria;ApSimon, Helen
近年来，英国伦敦市屋顶高度达到150米或以上的高层/多层建筑物（“摩天大楼”）的数量有所增加，Shard就是一个高度接近310米的典型例子。这种不断变化的城市景观以及地方当局最近引入热电联产（CHP）的计划导致了一项详细的研究，其中进行了CFD和风洞研究，以评估此类高层建筑对其附近空气污染扩散的影响。一个新的，开源的模拟器，FLUIDITY，它结合了大涡模拟（LES）方法，实施;模拟结果进行了验证，随后从EnFlo风洞的实验测量。在FLUIDITY的LES方法的新奇是基于自适应的，非结构化的，网格与涡粘性张量（为子网格尺度），是各向异性的组合。将模拟的归一化平均浓度结果与相应的风洞测量结果进行了比较，结果显示大多数探测器位置具有良好的相关性，差异范围为3%至37%。验证程序之后，模拟了另外两种假设情景，其中源建筑周围的建筑物高度增加。结果清楚地显示了高层建筑如何影响周围的空气流动和扩散模式，在以前不存在的地区产生了“死区”和高浓度的“热点”。这项工作清楚地表明，当考虑城市景观的变化时，复杂的CFD建模可以为城市规划者提供有用的信息，以便根据环境质量标准测试设计方案。皇冠版权所有（C）2017由Elsevier Ltd.发布
The city of London, UK, has seen in recent years an increase in the number of high-rise/multi-storey buildings ("skyscrapers") with roof heights reaching 150 m and more, with the Shard being a prime example with a height of similar to 310 m. This changing cityscape together with recent plans of local authorities of introducing Combined Heat and Power Plant (CHP) led to a detailed study in which CFD and wind tunnel studies were carried out to assess the effect of such high-rise buildings on the dispersion of air pollution in their vicinity. A new, open-source simulator, FLUIDITY, which incorporates the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method, was implemented; the simulated results were subsequently validated against experimental measurements from the EnFlo wind tunnel. The novelty of the LES methodology within FLUIDITY is based on the combination of an adaptive, unstructured, mesh with an eddy-viscosity tensor (for the sub-grid scales) that is anisotropic. The simulated normalised mean concentrations results were compared to the corresponding wind tunnel measurements, showing for most detector locations good correlations, with differences ranging from 3% to 37%. The validation procedure was followed by the simulation of two further hypothetical scenarios, in which the heights of buildings surrounding the source building were increased. The results showed clearly how the high-rise buildings affected the surrounding air flows and dispersion patterns, with the generation of "dead-zones" and high-concentration "hotspots" in areas where these did not previously exist. The work clearly showed that complex CFD modelling can provide useful information to urban planners when changes to cityscapes are considered, so that design options can be tested against environmental quality criteria. Crown Copyright (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.