Quick, automatic, and general activation of orthographic and phonological representations in young readers
Quick, automatic, and general activation of orthographic and phonological representations in young readers
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DOI：
10.1037/0012-1649.35.1.3
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
MacWhinney, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Booth, JR;Perfetti, CA;MacWhinney, B
二到六年级的学生被呈现给非单词启动(拼写、伪同音字和对照)和目标单词，显示的持续时间(30和60毫秒)足够短，足以阻止完整的加工。通过3个单词和非单词命名任务评估单词阅读技能。在这两个时长上，好读者比差读者表现出更多的正字启动效应，而在短时间内表现出更多的伪同音字启动效应。这表明好的读者比差的读者更有效地激活字母和音素信息。好的读者在两个持续时间内的启动次数也相同，而差的读者在较长的持续时间内表现出更大的启动。这表明激活不在战略控制之下。最后，引爆对于高频和低频目标都是可靠的。这表明，无论目标词的特征如何，读者都会激活一致的信息。因此，在熟练的读者中，拼写和语音信息的快速、自动和普遍激活源于其词汇表征的精确度和冗余性。
Second through 6th graders were presented with nonword primes (orthographic, pseudohomophone, and control) and target words displayed for durations (30 and 60 ms) that were brief enough to prevent complete processing. Word reading skills were assessed by 3 word and nonword naming tasks. Good readers exhibited more orthographic priming than poor readers at both durations and more pseudohomophone priming at the short duration only. This suggests that good readers activate letter and phonemic information more efficiently than poor readers. Good readers also exhibited an equal amount of priming at both durations, whereas poor readers showed greater priming at the longer duration. This suggests that activation was not under strategic control. Finally, priming was reliable for both high- and low-frequency targets. This suggests that readers activate consistent information regardless of target word characteristics. Thus, quick, automatic, and general activation of orthographic and phonological information in skilled readers results from the precision and redundancy of their lexical representations.