Placental hormones, genomic imprinting, and maternal-fetal communication
Placental hormones, genomic imprinting, and maternal-fetal communication
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1420-9101.1996.9030357.x
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发表时间：
1996-05-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Haig, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haig, D
胎盘激素由一个遗传个体（胎儿）产生，作用于另一个遗传个体（母亲）的受体。母亲可能能够从胎盘激素中提取一些信息，但这些信息可能仅限于对胎儿活力的粗略测量。胎盘激素最容易被解释为胎儿试图操纵母体代谢以利于胎儿。一个进化模型提出了一个假设的激素，增加母体血液的营养成分。该模型预测，在进化平衡状态下，激素将仅由母亲或胎盘产生，但不会同时由两者产生。如果激素的基因受到基因组印记的影响，则父源等位基因将是活跃的，而母源等位基因将是沉默的。激素的产生有益于母亲目前的幼崽，但对未来的幼崽有一定的影响。因此，胎仔之间的亲子关系变化增加了激素的产生水平。另一方面，比同窝出生的孩子产生更少的激素的后代分享了好处，但成本更低。因此，多个父亲在窝降低激素的生产水平。
Placental hormones are produced by one genetic individual (the fetus) to act on the receptors of another genetic individual (the mother). Mothers are probably able to extract some information from placental hormones, but this information may be limited to a crude measure of fetal vigor. Placental hormones are most easily interpreted as fetal attempts to manipulate maternal metabolism for fetal benefit. An evolutionary model is presented for a hypothetical hormone that increases the nutrient content of maternal blood. The model predicts that, at an evolutionary equilibrium, the hormone will be produced solely by the mother or solely by the placenta, but not by both. If the gene for the hormone is subject to genomic imprinting, the paternally-derived allele will be active and the maternally-derived allele will be silent. Hormone production benefits the members of the mother's current litter at some cost to future litters. Therefore, paternity changes between litters increase the level of hormone production. On the other hand, offspring that produce less of the hormone than litter-mates share the benefits but have lower costs. Therefore, multiple paternity within litters reduces the level of hormone production.