Managing uplands for biodiversity: Do agri-environment schemes deliver benefits for breeding lapwing Vanellus vanellus?
Managing uplands for biodiversity: Do agri-environment schemes deliver benefits for breeding lapwing Vanellus vanellus?
复制标题
管理高地以促进生物多样性：农业环境计划能否为繁殖田凫 Vanellus vanellus 带来好处？
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.12081
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
R. Gregory
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Smart;M. Bolton;F. Hunter;H. Quayle;G. Thomas;R. Gregory
总结
在欧洲，农业环境计划是保护区外生物多样性保护的关键实施机制。该计划有一系列土地管理选项，旨在为目标栖息地或物种带来成果。
涉禽繁殖是高地草原生物多样性的重要组成部分，在英国，农业环境计划中有多种土地管理方案可供选择，以造福涉禽。我们评估了这些选择是否可以改善数量减少的涉禽（田凫 Vanellus vanellus）的繁殖栖息地的适宜性和种群动态。
有农业环境规划管理的土地上，筑巢和育雏栖息地的适宜性较好，栖息地适宜性越高，繁殖密度和生产力越高。
在本研究期间，田凫数量下降，农业环境和非农业环境计划土地之间的趋势没有差异。尽管后来有证据表明农业环境计划土地的生产力有所提高，但生产力仍低于人口稳定所需的水平。
农业环境管理包括多种土地管理方案，这些方案在提供合适的栖息地、繁殖密度和成功方面各不相同。最好的管理选择都在英格兰，受益于具体管理建议或粗放牧和放牧牧场农业环境计划选择的土地。
合成与应用。尽管农业环境计划对栖息地质量进行了大量投资并产生了积极影响，但由于生产力不足，英国高地的田凫数量仍在下降。对于具有复杂需求的物种，只有当所有这些需求都得到满足时，种群数量才有可能增加。通过农业环境计划进行适当有针对性的栖息地管理，可以在改善栖息地质量和增加景观多样性方面发挥重要作用。然而，当种群数量受到栖息地质量以外的因素（例如捕食）的限制时，仅靠栖息地管理不太可能恢复种群数量。越来越多的证据表明，捕食影响对于田鸡等地面筑巢物种也可能很重要。因此，捕食者管理可能需要与捕食限制繁殖成功和种群恢复的栖息地措施相结合。
Summary
Within Europe, agri-environment schemes are the key delivery mechanism for biodiversity conservation outside protected areas. Schemes have a range of land management options designed to deliver outcomes for target habitats or species.
Breeding waders form an important part of the biodiversity of upland grasslands, and in the UK, there are multiple land management options within agri-environment schemes designed to benefit waders. We assessed whether such options improve the suitability of breeding habitat and population dynamics for a declining wader, the lapwing Vanellus vanellus.
The suitability of nesting and chick-rearing habitat was better on land with agri-environment scheme management, and breeding densities and productivity increased with habitat suitability.
The lapwing populations declined during this study, and trends did not differ between agri-environment and non-agri-environment scheme land. Productivity was below that required for population stability, although there was evidence of higher productivity on agri-environment scheme land in later years.
Agri-environment management consisted of multiple land management options that varied in delivery of suitable habitat, breeding densities and success. The best management options were all in England on land benefiting from specific management advice or with rough grazing and grazed pasture agri-environment scheme options.
Synthesis and applications. Despite considerable investment and positive effects of agri-environment schemes on habitat quality, populations of lapwing in the UK uplands have declined because of inadequate productivity. For species with complex requirements, populations are only likely to increase when all of these requirements are provided. Appropriately targeted habitat management, delivered through agri-environment schemes, can play an important role in improving habitat quality and increasing landscape diversity. However, when populations are limited by something other than habitat quality, for example, predation, then habitat management alone is unlikely to recover populations. Increasing evidence suggests that predation impacts are also likely to be important for ground-nesting species such as lapwing. Predator management may therefore need to be integrated with habitat measures where predation is limiting breeding success and population recovery.