Heterosis and outbreeding depression between strains of young-of-the-year brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)
Heterosis and outbreeding depression between strains of young-of-the-year brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)
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DOI：
10.1139/z10-108
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Bernatchez, L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Granier, S.;Audet, C.;Bernatchez, L.
溪鳟（Salvelinus fontinalis（Mitchill，1814））支持魁北克利润丰厚的水产养殖业，该物种的生产主要面向支持体育渔业的种群增殖。本研究的目的是验证品系间杂种优势的表达，即，在溪鳟发育的第一阶段，第一代杂交后代的性能增加。本研究中使用了最近引入魁北克鱼类生产的两个野生种群，拉瓦尔（L）和鲁珀特（R）品系，以及存在于大多数魁北克养鱼场的家养品系（D）。对72个全同胞家系的生长情况进行了调查，其中包括3个纯系（雌性D ×雄性D、雌性L ×雄性L、雌性R ×雄性R）和5个杂交类型（雌性D ×雄性L、雌性D ×雄性R、雌性L ×雄性D、雌性L ×雄性R、雌性R ×雄性L）。杂种优势和远交衰退观察，这取决于杂交类型。杂种优势的产生与发育阶段有关，早期发育阶段的生长优势并不一定转化为后期的较大个体，生长（质量或长度）的远交衰退比杂种优势少得多，当杂种优势产生时，远交衰退的幅度为9.2%~ 33.3%，而生长性状的杂种优势提高幅度为9.0%~ 88.2%。结果表明，在早期的发展，有较高的发生相对于鱼的质量比鱼的长度，总的来说，杂种优势的发生是不可预测的。
Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814)) supports a lucrative fish aquaculture industry in Quebec and production of this species is mainly oriented to stock enhancement supporting sport fisheries. The aim of this study was to verify the expression of interstrain heterosis, i.e., increased performance of first generation hybrid progeny, during the first stages of development in brook trout. Two wild populations that were recently introduced to fish production in Quebec, the Laval (L) and the Rupert (R) strains, and a domestic strain (D) that is present in most Quebec fish farms were used in this study. The growth of 72 full-sibling families, representing three pure (female D x male D, female L x male L, female R x male R) and five hybrid (female D x male L, female D x male R, female L x male D, female L x male R, female R x male L) cross types, were surveyed from hatching to 2136 degree-days. Both heterosis and outbreeding depression were observed, depending on the hybrid cross type. The occurrence of heterosis was dependent on the developmental stage, and growth advantage at a very early developmental stage did not necessarily translate into bigger size later on. Outbreeding depression in growth (mass or length) was much less common than heterosis, and when occurring, it varied from 9.2% to 33.3% compared with 9.0% to 88.2% improvement in growth traits for heterosis. The results indicate that in early development, there was higher occurrence of heterosis relative to fish mass than to fish length and that, overall, the occurrence of heterosis was unpredictable.