Phylogeography of Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Lineages Endemic to Japan.
Phylogeography of Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Lineages Endemic to Japan.
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DOI：
10.2149/tmh.2012-15
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发表时间：
2012-12
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Yamamoto T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Otani M;Eguchi K;Ichikawa T;Takenaka Takano K;Watanabe T;Yamaguchi K;Nakao K;Yamamoto T
我们对东亚HTLV-1毒株进行了系统发育分析和聚结时间的估计。系统发育分析表明，日本存在以下3个谱系：“JPN”，主要由日本分离株组成;“EAS”，包括日本分离株和2个中国分离株，其中一个来自成都，另一个来自福建;“GLB 1”，包括来自世界各地的分离株，包括少数日本分离株。据估计，JPN和EAS谱系分别起源于大约3，900年和6，000年前的独立谱系。根据考古发现，最近提出了“出巽他”假说，以澄清日本绳文（新石器时代早期）文化的来源。根据这一假设，新石器时代的人大约在1万年前到达日本，第二波移民在6,000年至4,000年前到达，在4,000年左右达到顶峰。EAS和JPN谱系的估计合并时间将这些谱系的起源放在6，000 - 4，000年的时间内，这表明HTLV-1是由新石器时代的移民而不是古蒙古人引入日本的。此外，我们的数据表明，另一个次要的血统，GLB 1，可能是在几个世纪前，在“发现时代”期间或之后，由非洲人陪同欧洲商人引入日本的。因此，这项研究的结果大大增加了我们对HTLV-1谱系在日本的起源和目前分布的了解，并为HTLV-1的民族流行病学提供了进一步的见解。
We conducted phylogenetic analyses and an estimation of coalescence times for East Asian strains of HTLV-1. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the following three lineages exist in Japan: “JPN”, primarily comprising Japanese isolates; “EAS”, comprising Japanese and two Chinese isolates, of which one originated from Chengdu and the other from Fujian; and “GLB1”, comprising isolates from various locations worldwide, including a few Japanese isolates. It was estimated that the JPN and EAS lineages originated as independent lineages approximately 3,900 and 6,000 years ago, respectively. Based on archaeological findings, the “Out of Sunda” hypothesis was recently proposed to clarify the source of the Jomon (early neolithic) cultures of Japan. According to this hypothesis, it is suggested that the arrival of neolithic people in Japan began approximately 10,000 years ago, with a second wave of immigrants arriving between 6,000 and 4,000 years ago, peaking at around 4,000 years ago. Estimated coalescence times of the EAS and JPN lineages place the origins of these lineages within this 6,000–4,000 year period, suggesting that HTLV-1 was introduced to Japan by neolithic immigrants, not Paleo-Mongoloids. Moreover, our data suggest that the other minor lineage, GLB1, may have been introduced to Japan by Africans accompanying European traders several centuries ago, during or after “The Age of Discovery.” Thus, the results of this study greatly increase our understanding of the origins and current distribution of HTLV-1 lineages in Japan and provide further insights into the ethno-epidemiology of HTLV-1.