The ant abdomen: The skeletomuscular and soft tissue anatomy of Amblyopone australis workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
The ant abdomen: The skeletomuscular and soft tissue anatomy of Amblyopone australis workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
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DOI：
10.1002/jmor.21471
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发表时间：
2022-04-29
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Boudinot, Brendon E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lieberman, Ziv E.;Billen, Johan;Boudinot, Brendon E.
近年来昆虫解剖学的研究显示出对个体特征及其进化关系进行全面和综合研究的趋势。然而，蚂蚁的腹部仍然没有得到充分的研究。为了解决这一缺点，我们采用多模式方法结合手工解剖、组织学和显微计算机断层扫描，描述了南肌的腹部解剖。我们专注于骨骼肌，但也描述了胸膜后腺和间瘤外分泌腺，以及循环、消化、生殖和神经系统的形态。我们描述了背血管的肌肉，毒液和杜福尔腺的导管，并描述了内脏肛门肌肉组织。通过与其他主要蚂蚁谱系、寄生蜂和其他膜翅目外群的比较，我们提供了蚁科完整腹部骨骼肌地面平面图的第一个近似，并提供了一个通常适用于六足动物腹部的命名模式。所有的骨骼肌都可以识别出它们的同源物，而我们在生殖前骨骼和刺肌组织中观察到潜在的异型。具体地说，我们提出第八尾尾肌作为一个蚂蚁的突触；我们认为可能的转化系列有助于在蚂蚁，膜翅目和六足目胸骨足的状态分布；我们还讨论了棘状体中第七胸骨-第八骨突肌可能的突触性缺失。我们对膜翅目的产卵肌进行了同质化，并总结了腹部已证实的和假设的肌肉功能。我们还对gonapophyses VIII的近端突起和gonococoites IX的腹内侧突起给出了新的解释，并在进化解剖学和本体论的背景下提出了命名建议。最后，我们讨论了所应用的技术的效用，并强调了初步解剖研究的价值。
Recent studies of insect anatomy evince a trend towards a comprehensive and integrative investigation of individual traits and their evolutionary relationships. The abdomen of ants, however, remains critically understudied. To address this shortcoming, we describe the abdominal anatomy of Amblyopone australis Erichson, using a multimodal approach combining manual dissection, histology, and microcomputed tomography. We focus on skeletomusculature, but additionally describe the metapleural and metasomal exocrine glands, and the morphology of the circulatory, digestive, reproductive, and nervous systems. We describe the muscles of the dorsal vessel and the ducts of the venom and Dufour's gland, and characterize the visceral anal musculature. Through comparison with other major ant lineages, apoid wasps, and other hymenopteran outgroups, we provide a first approximation of the complete abdominal skeletomuscular groundplan in Formicidae, with a nomenclatural schema generally applicable to the hexapod abdomen. All skeletal muscles were identifiable with their homologs, while we observe potential apomorphies in the pregenital skeleton and the sting musculature. Specifically, we propose the eighth coxocoxal muscle as an ant synapomorphy; we consider possible transformation series contributing to the distribution of states of the sternal apodemes in ants, Hymenoptera, and Hexapoda; and we address the possibly synapomorphic loss of the seventh sternal-eighth gonapophyseal muscles in the vespiform Aculeata. We homologize the ovipositor muscles across Hymenoptera, and summarize demonstrated and hypothetical muscle functions across the abdomen. We also give a new interpretation of the proximal processes of gonapophyses VIII and the ventromedial processes of gonocoxites IX, and make nomenclatural suggestions in the context of evolutionary anatomy and ontology. Finally, we discuss the utility of techniques applied and emphasize the value of primary anatomical research.